6-(5-membered heteroaryl)isoquinolin-3-yl-(5-membered heteroaryl) carboxamides and preparation and use thereof

ABSTRACT

Isoquinoline compounds for treating various diseases and pathologies are disclosed. More particularly, the present disclosure concerns the use of an isoquinoline compound or analogs thereof, in the treatment of disorders characterized by the activation of Wnt pathway signaling (e.g., cancer, abnormal cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, Alzheimer&#39;s disease, lung disease, inflammation, auto-immune diseases and osteoarthritis), the modulation of cellular events mediated by Wnt pathway signaling, as well as neurological conditions/disorders/diseases linked to overexpression of DYRK1A.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/578,370, filed Oct. 27, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

This disclosure relates to inhibitors of one or more proteins in the Wnt pathway, including inhibitors of one or more Wnt proteins, and compositions comprising the same. More particularly, it concerns the use of an isoquinoline compound or salts or analogs thereof, in the treatment of disorders characterized by the activation of Wnt pathway signaling (e.g., cancer, abnormal cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, Alzheimer's disease, lung disease, inflammation, auto-immune diseases fibrotic disorders, cartilage (chondral) defects, and osteoarthritis), the modulation of cellular events mediated by Wnt pathway signaling, as well as genetic diseases and neurological conditions/disorders/diseases due to mutations or dysregulation of the Wnt pathway and/or of one or more of Wnt signaling components. Also provided are methods for treating Wnt-related disease states, as well as neurological conditions/disorders/diseases linked to overexpression of DYRK1A.

Background

The Wnt growth factor family includes more than 10 genes identified in the mouse and at least 19 genes identified in the human. Members of the Wnt family of signaling molecules mediate many short- and long-range patterning processes during invertebrate and vertebrate development. The Wnt signaling pathway is known for its role in the inductive interactions that regulate growth and differentiation, and it also plays roles in the homeostatic maintenance of post-embryonic tissue integrity. Wnt stabilizes cytoplasmic β-catenin, which stimulates the expression of genes including c-myc, c jun, fra-1, and cyclin Dl. In addition, misregulation of Wnt signaling can cause developmental defects and is implicated in the genesis of several human cancers. The Wnt pathway has also been implicated in the maintenance of stem or progenitor cells in a growing list of adult tissues including skin, blood, gut, prostate, muscle, and the nervous system.

Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DYRK1A gene. DYRK1A is a member of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. DYRK1A contains a nuclear targeting signal sequence, a protein kinase domain, a leucine zipper motif, and a highly conservative 13-consecutive-histidine repeat. It catalyzes its autophosphorylation on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues. It may play a significant role in a signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation and may be involved in brain development. DYRK1A is localized in the Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21, and is considered to be a candidate gene for learning defects associated with Down syndrome. DYRK1A is also expressed in adult brain neurons, indicating that DYRK1A may play a role in the mature central nervous system. Thus, several lines of evidence point to some synaptic functions of DYRK1A. For instance, it has been found that DYRK1A phosphorylates and modulates the interaction of several components of the endocytic protein complex machinery (Dynamin 1, Amphiphysin, and Synaptojanin), suggesting a role in synaptic vesicle recycling. In addition, a polymorphism (SNP) in DYRK1A was found to be associated with HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophages, as well as with progression to AIDS in two independent cohorts of HIV-1-infected individuals.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides methods and reagents, involving contacting a cell with an agent, such as an isoquinoline compound, in a sufficient amount to antagonize a Wnt activity, e.g., to reverse or control an aberrant growth state or correct a genetic disorder due to mutations in Wnt signaling components.

The present disclosure also provides methods and reagents, involving contacting a cell with an agent, such as an isoquinoline compound, in a sufficient amount to antagonize DYRK1A activity, e.g., i) to normalize prenatal and early postnatal brain development; ii) to improve cognitive function in youth and adulthood; and/or iii) to attenuate Alzheimer's-type neurodegeneration.

Some embodiments disclosed herein include Wnt and/or DYRK1A inhibitors containing an isoquinoline core. Other embodiments disclosed herein include pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment using these compounds.

One embodiment disclosed herein includes a compound having the structure of Formula I:

as well as prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In some embodiments of Formula (I):

R¹, R², R⁴, and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ haloalkyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl);

R³ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁶;

R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)(5-membered heteroaryl) optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁷ and 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁸;

with the proviso that R⁶ is not;

each R³⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, two adjacent R³⁶ taken together form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷;

each R³⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R³⁹, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁰; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R³⁸ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R³⁹, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁰; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R³⁹ is independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —C(═O)O(R⁴¹), —N(R⁴²)₂, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R⁴⁰ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN;

R⁴¹ is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl);

each R⁴² is attached to the nitrogen and is selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl);

each R⁴³ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN;

each R⁴⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R⁴⁵ independently is selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R⁴⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R⁴⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN; and

each p is independently 0 or 1.

In another embodiment of Formula (I):

R¹, R², R⁴, and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ haloalkyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl);

R³ is selected from the group consisting of:

wherein each of R⁷-R³⁵ is, independently, a substituent or a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring; wherein only one of R⁷-R¹⁰ (when present) is a bond, only one of R¹¹-R¹⁴ (when present) is a bond, only one of R¹⁵-R¹⁷ (when present) is a bond, only one of R⁸-R²⁰ (when present) is a bond, only one of R²¹-R²³ (when present) is a bond, only one of R²⁴-R²⁶ (when present) is a bond, only one of R²⁷-R²⁹ (when present) is a bond, only one of R³⁰-R³¹ (when present) is a bond, only one of R³²-R³³ (when present) is a bond, and only one of R³⁴-R³⁵ (when present) is a bond; for purposes of clarification, any one of the nitrogen atoms attached to R⁷, R¹¹, R¹⁵, R¹⁸, or R²¹ can serve as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring; likewise, any one of the carbon atoms attached to R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁹, R²⁰, R²², R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷, R²⁸, R²⁹, R³⁰, R³¹, R³², R³³, R³⁴, or R³⁵ can serve as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring; so that:

when the nitrogen atom to which R⁷ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R⁷ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R⁸ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R⁸ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R⁹ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R⁹ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R¹⁰ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R¹⁰ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R¹¹ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R¹² is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R¹² is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R¹³ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R³ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R¹⁴ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R¹⁴ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the nitrogen atom to which R¹⁵ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R¹⁵ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R¹⁶ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R¹⁶ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R¹⁷ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R¹⁷ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the nitrogen atom to which R¹⁸ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R¹⁸ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R¹⁹ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R¹⁹ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R²⁰ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R²⁰ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the nitrogen atom to which R²¹ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R²¹ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R²² is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R²² is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R²³ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R²³ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R²⁴ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R²⁴ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R²⁵ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R²⁵ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R²⁶ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R²⁶ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R²⁷ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R²⁷ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R²⁸ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R²⁸ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R²⁹ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R²⁹ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R³⁰ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R³⁰ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R³¹ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R³¹ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R³² is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R³² is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R³³ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R³³ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R³⁴ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R³⁴ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

when the carbon atom to which R³⁵ is attached serves as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring, then R³⁵ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring;

R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)(5-membered heteroaryl) optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁷, 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁸;

with the proviso that R⁶ is not N

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, one of R⁷ and R⁸, R⁸ and R⁹, or R⁹ and R¹⁰ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷;

R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

R¹², R¹³, and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, one of R¹¹ and R¹², R¹² and R¹³, or R¹⁴ and R¹¹ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷;

R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, one of R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷;

R¹⁸ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, one of R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ or R¹⁸ and R²⁰ are taken together to form a heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶;

R²¹ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

R²² and R²³ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, R²² and R²³ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷;

R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, one of R²⁴ and R²⁵ or R²⁵ and R²⁶ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷;

R²⁷, R²⁸, and R²⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, R²⁷ and R²⁸ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷;

R³⁰ and R³¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷;

R³² and R³³ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

R³⁴ and R³⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, R³⁴ and R³⁵ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷;

each R³⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

alternatively, two adjacent R³⁶ taken together form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷;

each R³⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R³⁹, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁰; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R³⁸ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R³⁹, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁰; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R³⁹ is independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —C(═O)O(R⁴¹), —N(R⁴²)₂, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R⁴⁰ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN;

R⁴¹ is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl);

each R⁴² is attached to the nitrogen and is selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl);

each R⁴³ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN;

each R⁴⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R⁴⁵ independently is selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R⁴⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein;

each R⁴⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN;

-   -   each X is O or S; and

each p is independently 0 or 1.

Some embodiments include stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a compound of Formula (I). Some embodiments include pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a compound of Formula (I).

Some embodiments include pro-drugs of a compound of Formula (I).

Some embodiments of the present disclosure include pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.

Other embodiments disclosed herein include methods of inhibiting one or more members of the Wnt pathway, including one or more Wnt proteins by administering to a patient affected by a disorder or disease in which aberrant Wnt signaling is implicated, such as cancer and other diseases associated with abnormal angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, cell cycling and mutations in Wnt signaling components, a compound according to Formula (I). Accordingly, the compounds and compositions provided herein can be used to treat cancer, to reduce or inhibit angiogenesis, to reduce or inhibit cellular proliferation and correct a genetic disorder due to mutations in Wnt signaling components.

Other embodiments disclosed herein include methods of inhibiting DYRK1A by administering to a patient affected by a disorder or disease in which DYRK1A overexpression is implicated, such as Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Down Syndrome, Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism-17 (FTDP-17), Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's Disease, Pick's Disease, and additional diseases with pronounced neurodegeneration such as Autism, Dementia, Epilepsy, Huntington's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis; diseases and disorders associated with acquired brain injury such as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Traumatic Brain Injury, Tumor and Stroke.

Non-limiting examples of diseases which can be treated with the compounds and compositions provided herein include a variety of cancers, diabetic retinopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, mycotic and viral infections, osteochondrodysplasia, Alzheimer's disease, lung disease, bone/osteoporotic (wrist, spine, shoulder and hip) fractures, articular cartilage (chondral) defects, degenerative disc disease (or intervertebral disc degeneration), polyposis coli, osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, retinal angiogenesis, early coronary disease, tetra-amelia syndrome, Müllerian-duct regression and virilization, SERKAL syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2, Fuhrmann syndrome, Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild/Schinzel phocomelia syndrome, odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia, obesity, split-hand/foot malformation, caudal duplication syndrome, tooth agenesis, Wilms tumor, skeletal dysplasia, focal dermal hypoplasia, autosomal recessive anonychia, neural tube defects, alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome, fragile X syndrome, ICF syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Norrie disease, and Rett syndrome.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure include methods to prepare compounds of Formula (I).

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure, as claimed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Provided herein are compositions and methods for inhibiting one or more members of the Wnt pathway, including one or more Wnt proteins. Other Wnt inhibitors and methods for using the same are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. Nos. 13/614,296; 14/019,229; and Ser. No. 14/664,517, all of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for inhibiting DYRK1A. Other DYRK1A inhibitors and methods for using the same are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 14/664,517, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

Some embodiments provided herein relate to a method for treating a disease including, but not limited to, neurological diseases or disorders, cancers, chronic inflammation, diabetic retinopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, mycotic and viral infections, bone and cartilage diseases, lung disease, osteoarthritis, articular cartilage (chondral) defects, degenerative disc disease (or intervertebral disc degeneration), polyposis coli, bone density and vascular defects in the eye (Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma Syndrome, OPPG), familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, retinal angiogenesis, early coronary disease, tetra-amelia, Müllerian-duct regression and virilization, SERKAL syndrome, type II diabetes, Fuhrmann syndrome, Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild/Schinzel phocomelia syndrome, odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia, obesity, split-hand/foot malformation, caudal duplication, tooth agenesis, Wilms tumor, skeletal dysplasia, focal dermal hypoplasia, autosomal recessive anonychia, neural tube defects, alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome, fragile X syndrome, ICF syndrome, Angelman's syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Norrie disease, and Rett syndrome.

In some embodiments, non-limiting examples of bone and cartilage diseases which can be treated with the compounds and compositions provided herein include bone spur (osteophytes), craniosynostosis, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive, fibrous dysplasia, giant cell tumor of bone, hip labral tear, meniscal tears, osteoarthritis, articular cartilage (chondral) defects, degenerative disc disease (or intervertebral disc degeneration), osteochondritis dissecans, osteochondroma (bone tumor), osteopetrosis, relapsing polychondritis, and Salter-Harris fractures.

In some embodiments, non-limiting examples of a neurological disease or disorder associated with tau protein, amyloid or alpha-synuclein pathology which can be treated with the compounds and compositions provided herein include, but are not limited to, Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Down Syndrome, Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism-17 (FTDP-17), Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's Disease, Pick's Disease, and additional diseases with pronounced neurodegeneration such as Autism, Dementia, Epilepsy, Huntington's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis; diseases and disorders associated with acquired brain injury such as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Traumatic Brain Injury, Tumor, and Stroke.

In some embodiments, non-limiting examples of diseases in which chronic inflammation is involved which can be treated with the compounds and compositions provided herein include eye disorders, joint pain, arthritis (rheumatoid, osteo, psoriatic gout), cancers (colon, breast, lung, pancreas, and others), gastrointestinal disorders (ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases), pulmonary disorders (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and asthma), allergies, skin disorders (atopic dermatitis and psoriasis), diabetes, pancreatitis, tendonitis, hepatitis, heart disease, myocarditis, stroke, lupus, and neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's and dementia including Alzheimer's disease.

In some embodiments, non-limiting examples of cancers which can be treated with the compounds and compositions provided herein include colon, ovarian, pancreatic, breast, liver, prostate, and hematologic cancers.

In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions are provided that are effective for treatment of a disease of an animal, e.g., a mammal, caused by either the pathological activation or mutations of the Wnt pathway or DYRK1A overexpression. The composition includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound as described herein.

Definitions

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. All patents, applications, published applications, and other publications are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event that there is a plurality of definitions for a term herein, those in this section prevail unless stated otherwise.

As used herein, “alkyl” means a branched, or straight chain chemical group containing only carbon and hydrogen, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl and neo-pentyl. Alkyl groups can either be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. In some embodiments, alkyl groups include 1 to 9 carbon atoms (for example, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms).

As used herein, “alkenyl” means a straight or branched chain chemical group containing only carbon and hydrogen and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, and the like. In various embodiments, alkenyl groups can either be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. Typically, alkenyl groups will comprise 2 to 9 carbon atoms (for example, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or 2 carbon atoms).

As used herein, “alkynyl” means a straight or branched chain chemical group containing only carbon and hydrogen and containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, and the like. In various embodiments, alkynyl groups can either be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. Typically, alkynyl groups will comprise 2 to 9 carbon atoms (for example, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or 2 carbon atoms).

As used herein, “alkylene” means a bivalent branched, or straight chain chemical group containing only carbon and hydrogen, such as methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, iso-propylene, n-butylene, iso-butylene, sec-butylene, tert-butylene, n-pentylene, iso-pentylene, sec-pentylene and neo-pentylene. Alkylene groups can either be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. In some embodiments, alkylene groups include 1 to 9 carbon atoms (for example, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms).

As used herein, “alkenylene” means a bivalent branched, or straight chain chemical group containing only carbon and hydrogen and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, such as ethenylene, 1-propenylene, 2-propenylene, 2-methyl-1-propenylene, 1-butenylene, 2-butenylene, and the like. In various embodiments, alkenylene groups can either be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. Typically, alkenylene groups will comprise 2 to 9 carbon atoms (for example, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or 2 carbon atoms).

As used herein, “alkynylene” means a bivalent branched, or straight chain chemical group containing only carbon and hydrogen and containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, such as ethynylene, 1-propynylene, 1-butynylene, 2-butynylene, and the like. In various embodiments, alkynylene groups can either be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. Typically, alkynylene groups will comprise 2 to 9 carbon atoms (for example, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or 2 carbon atoms).

As used herein, “alkoxy” means an alkyl-O— group in which the alkyl group is as described herein. Exemplary alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy and heptoxy, and also the linear or branched positional isomers thereof.

As used herein, “haloalkoxy” means a haloalkyl-O— group in which the haloalkyl group is as described herein. Exemplary haloalkoxy groups include fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and also the linear or branched positional isomers thereof.

As used herein, “carbocyclyl” means a cyclic ring system containing only carbon atoms in the ring system backbone, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cyclohexenyl. Carbocyclyls may include multiple fused rings. Carbocyclyls may have any degree of saturation provided that none of the rings in the ring system are aromatic. Carbocyclyl groups can either be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. In some embodiments, carbocyclyl groups include 3 to 10 carbon atoms, for example, 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

As used herein, “aryl” means a mono-, bi-, tri- or polycyclic group with only carbon atoms present in the ring backbone having 5 to 14 ring atoms, alternatively 5, 6, 9, or 10 ring atoms; and having 6, 10, or 14 pi electrons shared in a cyclic array; wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic. Aryl groups can either be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. Examples of aryl include phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl, and others. In some embodiments, the aryl is phenyl.

As used herein, “arylalkylene” means an aryl-alkylene- group in which the aryl and alkylene moieties are as previously described. In some embodiments, arylalkylene groups contain a C₁₋₄alkylene moiety. Exemplary arylalkylene groups include benzyl and 2-phenethyl.

As used herein, the term “heteroaryl” means a mono-, bi-, tri- or polycyclic group having 5 to 14 ring atoms, alternatively 5, 6, 9, or 10 ring atoms; and having 6, 10, or 14 pi electrons shared in a cyclic array; wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, and at least one ring in the system contains one or more heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S. Heteroaryl groups can either be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. Examples of heteroaryl include thienyl, pyridinyl, furyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiodiazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, thiazolyl benzothienyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, naphthyridinyl, purinyl, thienopyridinyl, pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, thieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinyl, pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridinyl, pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine, pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridinyl, tetrazolyl, chromane, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine, benzo[d][1,3]dioxole, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, tetrahydroquinoline, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxathiine, isoindoline, and others. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is selected from thienyl, pyridinyl, furyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, isoindolinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, and pyrimidinyl.

As used herein, “halo”, “halide” or “halogen” is a chloro, bromo, fluoro, or iodo atom radical. In some embodiments, a halo is a chloro, bromo or fluoro. For example, a halide can be fluoro.

As used herein, “haloalkyl” means a hydrocarbon substituent, which is a linear or branched, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl substituted with one or more chloro, bromo, fluoro, and/or iodo atom(s). In some embodiments, a haloalkyl is a fluoroalkyls, wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been substituted by fluoro. In some embodiments, haloalkyls are of 1 to about 3 carbons in length (e.g., 1 to about 2 carbons in length or 1 carbon in length). The term “haloalkylene” means a diradical variant of haloalkyl, and such diradicals may act as spacers between radicals, other atoms, or between a ring and another functional group.

As used herein, “heterocyclyl” means a nonaromatic cyclic ring system comprising at least one heteroatom in the ring system backbone. Heterocyclyls may include multiple fused rings. Heterocyclyls may be substituted or unsubstituted with one or more substituents. In some embodiments, heterocycles have 3-11 members. In six membered monocyclic heterocycles, the heteroatom(s) are selected from one to three of O, N or S, and wherein when the heterocycle is five membered, it can have one or two heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S. Examples of heterocyclyl include azirinyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 1,4,2-dithiazolyl, dihydropyridinyl, 1,3-dioxanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyridinyl, oxazinyl, thiazinyl, thiinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolidinyl imidazolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, and others. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is selected from azetidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, and tetrahydropyridinyl.

As used herein, “monocyclic heterocyclyl” means a single nonaromatic cyclic ring comprising at least one heteroatom in the ring system backbone. Heterocyclyls may be substituted or unsubstituted with one or more substituents. In some embodiments, heterocycles have 3-7 members. In six membered monocyclic heterocycles, the heteroatom(s) are selected from one to three of O, N or S, and wherein when the heterocycle is five membered, it can have one or two heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S. Examples of heterocyclyls include azirinyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 1,4,2-dithiazolyl, dihydropyridinyl, 1,3-dioxanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyridinyl, oxazinyl, thiazinyl, thiinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolidinyl imidazolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, and others.

As used herein, “bicyclic heterocyclyl” means a nonaromatic bicyclic ring system comprising at least one heteroatom in the ring system backbone. Bicyclic heterocyclyls may be substituted or unsubstituted with one or more substituents. In some embodiments, bicyclic heterocycles have 4-11 members with the heteroatom(s) being selected from one to five of O, N or S. Examples of bicyclic heterocyclyls include 2-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane, 2-azabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane, 2-azabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 5-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane, octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 7-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane, 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and the like.

As used herein, “spirocyclic heterocyclyl” means a nonaromatic bicyclic ring system comprising at least one heteroatom in the ring system backbone and with the rings connected through just one atom. Spirocyclic heterocyclyls may be substituted or unsubstituted with one or more substituents. In some embodiments, spirocyclic heterocycles have 5-11 members with the heteroatom(s) being selected from one to five of O, N or S. Examples of spirocyclic heterocyclyls include 2-azaspiro[2.2]pentane, 4-azaspiro[2.5]octane, 1-azaspiro[3.5]nonane, 2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane, 7-azaspiro[3.5]nonane, 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane, 6-azaspiro[2.6]nonane, 1,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane, 2,5-diazaspiro[3.6]decane, and the like.

The term “substituted” refers to moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more non-hydrogen atoms of the molecule. It will be understood that “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. Substituents can include, for example, —(C₁₋₉ alkyl) optionally substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, —NH₂, —NH(C₁₋₃ alkyl), and —N(C₁₋₃ alkyl)₂; —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl); a halide; a hydroxyl; a carbonyl [such as —C(O)OR, and —C(O)R]; a thiocarbonyl [such as —C(S)OR, —C(O)SR, and —C(S)R]; —(C₁₋₉ alkoxy) optionally substituted with one or more of halide, hydroxyl, —NH₂, —NH(C₁₋₃ alkyl), and —N(C₁₋₃ alkyl)₂; —OPO(OH)₂; a phosphonate [such as —PO(OH)₂ and —PO(OR′)₂]; —OPO(OR′)R″; —NRR′; —C(O)NRR′; —C(NR)NR′R″; —C(NR′)R″; a cyano; a nitro; an azido; —SH; —S—R; —OSO₂(OR); a sulfonate [such as —SO₂(OH) and —SO₂(OR)]; —SO₂NR′R″; and —SO₂R; in which each occurrence of R, R′ and R″ are independently selected from H; —(C₁₋₉ alkyl); C₆₋₁₀ aryl optionally substituted with from 1-3R′″; 5-10 membered heteroaryl having from 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S and optionally substituted with from 1-3 R′″; C₃₋₇ carbocyclyl optionally substituted with from 1-3 R′″; and 3-8 membered heterocyclyl having from 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S and optionally substituted with from 1-3 R′″; wherein each R′″ is independently selected from —(C₁₋₆ alkyl), —(C₁₋₆ haloalkyl), a halide (e.g., F), a hydroxyl, —C(O)OR, —C(O)R, —(C₁₋₆ alkoxyl), —NRR′, —C(O)NRR′, and a cyano, in which each occurrence of R and R′ is independently selected from H and —(C₁₋₆ alkyl). In some embodiments, the substituent is selected from —(C₁₋₆ alkyl), —(C₁₋₆ haloalkyl), a halide (e.g., F), a hydroxyl, —C(O)OR, —C(O)R, —(C₁₋₆ alkoxyl), —NRR′, —C(O)NRR′, and a cyano, in which each occurrence of R and R′ is independently selected from H and —(C₁₋₆ alkyl).

As used herein, when two groups are indicated to be “linked” or “bonded” to form a “ring”, it is to be understood that a bond is formed between the two groups and may involve replacement of a hydrogen atom on one or both groups with the bond, thereby forming a carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl ring. The skilled artisan will recognize that such rings can and are readily formed by routine chemical reactions. In some embodiments, such rings have from 3-7 members, for example, 5 or 6 members.

The skilled artisan will recognize that some chemical structures described herein may be represented on paper by one or more other resonance forms; or may exist in one or more other tautomeric forms, even when kinetically, the artisan recognizes that such tautomeric forms represent only a very small portion of a sample of such compound(s). Such compounds are clearly contemplated within the scope of this disclosure, though such resonance forms or tautomers are not explicitly represented herein.

The compounds provided herein may encompass various stereochemical forms. The compounds also encompass diastereomers as well as optical isomers, e.g., mixtures of enantiomers including racemic mixtures, as well as individual enantiomers and diastereomers, which arise as a consequence of structural asymmetry in certain compounds. Separation of the individual isomers or selective synthesis of the individual isomers is accomplished by application of various methods which are well known to practitioners in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, when a disclosed compound is named or depicted by a structure without specifying the stereochemistry and has one or more chiral centers, it is understood to represent all possible stereoisomers of the compound.

The present disclosure includes all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopically labeled compounds of Formula I wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number which predominates in nature. Examples of isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, isotopes of hydrogen, such as ²H (deuterium) and ³H (tritium), carbon, such as ¹¹C, ¹³C and ¹⁴C, chlorine, such as ³⁶CL, fluorine, such as ¹⁸F, iodine, such as ¹²³I and ¹²⁵I, nitrogen, such as ¹³N and ¹⁵N, oxygen, such as ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O and ¹⁸O, phosphorus, such as ³²P, and sulfur, such as ³⁵S.

The term “administration” or “administering” refers to a method of providing a dosage of a compound or pharmaceutical composition to a vertebrate or invertebrate, including a mammal, a bird, a fish, or an amphibian, where the method is, e.g., orally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intralymphatic, intranasally, topically, transdermally, intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, intrapulmonarilly, vaginally, rectally, ontologically, neuro-otologically, intraocularly, subconjuctivally, via anterior eye chamber injection, intravitreally, intraperitoneally, intrathecally, intracystically, intrapleurally, via wound irrigation, intrabuccally, intra-abdominally, intra-articularly, intra-aurally, intrabronchially, intracapsularly, intrameningeally, via inhalation, via endotracheal or endobronchial instillation, via direct instillation into pulmonary cavities, intraspinally, intrasynovially, intrathoracically, via thoracostomy irrigation, epidurally, intratympanically, intracisternally, intravascularly, intraventricularly, intraosseously, via irrigation of infected bone, or via application as part of any admixture with a prosthetic device. The method of administration can vary depending on various factors, e.g., the components of the pharmaceutical composition, the site of the disease, the disease involved, and the severity of the disease.

A “diagnostic” as used herein is a compound, method, system, or device that assists in the identification or characterization of a health or disease state. The diagnostic can be used in standard assays as is known in the art.

The term “mammal” is used in its usual biological sense. Thus, it specifically includes humans, cattle, horses, monkeys, dogs, cats, mice, rats, cows, sheep, pigs, goats, and non-human primates, but also includes many other species.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier”, “pharmaceutically acceptable diluent” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” includes any and all solvents, co-solvents, complexing agents, dispersion media, coatings, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions. In addition, various adjuvants such as are commonly used in the art may be included. These and other such compounds are described in the literature, e.g., in the Merck Index, Merck & Company, Rahway, N.J. Considerations for the inclusion of various components in pharmaceutical compositions are described, e.g., in Brunton et al. (Eds.) (2017); Goodman and Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Ed., The McGraw-Hill Companies.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds provided herein and, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. In many cases, the compounds provided herein are capable of forming acid and/or base salts by virtue of the presence of amino and/or carboxyl groups or groups similar thereto. Many such salts are known in the art, for example, as described in WO 87/05297. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with inorganic acids and organic acids. Inorganic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. Organic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with inorganic and organic bases. Inorganic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum, and the like; particularly preferred are the ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Organic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, basic ion exchange resins, and the like, specifically such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, and ethanolamine.

“Patient” as used herein, means a human or a non-human mammal, e.g., a dog, a cat, a mouse, a rat, a cow, a sheep, a pig, a goat, a non-human primate, or a bird, e.g., a chicken, as well as any other vertebrate or invertebrate. In some embodiments, the patient is a human.

A “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound as provided herein is one which is sufficient to achieve the desired physiological effect and may vary according to the nature and severity of the disease condition, and the potency of the compound. “Therapeutically effective amount” is also intended to include one or more of the compounds of Formula I in combination with one or more other agents that are effective to treat the diseases and/or conditions described herein. The combination of compounds can be a synergistic combination. Synergy, as described, for example, by Chou and Talalay, Advances in Enzyme Regulation (1984), 22, 27-55, occurs when the effect of the compounds when administered in combination is greater than the additive effect of the compounds when administered alone as a single agent. In general, a synergistic effect is most clearly demonstrated at sub-optimal concentrations of the compounds. It will be appreciated that different concentrations may be employed for prophylaxis than for treatment of an active disease. This amount can further depend upon the patient's height, weight, sex, age and medical history.

A therapeutic effect relieves, to some extent, one or more of the symptoms of the disease.

“Treat,” “treatment,” or “treating,” as used herein refers to administering a compound or pharmaceutical composition as provided herein for therapeutic purposes. The term “therapeutic treatment” refers to administering treatment to a patient already suffering from a disease thus causing a therapeutically beneficial effect, such as ameliorating existing symptoms, ameliorating the underlying metabolic causes of symptoms, postponing or preventing the further development of a disorder, and/or reducing the severity of symptoms that will or are expected to develop.

“Drug-eluting” and/or controlled release as used herein refers to any and all mechanisms, e.g., diffusion, migration, permeation, and/or desorption by which the drug(s) incorporated in the drug-eluting material pass therefrom over time into the surrounding body tissue.

“Drug-eluting material” and/or controlled release material as used herein refers to any natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic material capable of acquiring and retaining a desired shape or configuration and into which one or more drugs can be incorporated and from which incorporated drug(s) are capable of eluting over time.

“Elutable drug” as used herein refers to any drug or combination of drugs having the ability to pass over time from the drug-eluting material in which it is incorporated into the surrounding areas of the body.

Compounds

The compounds and compositions described herein can be used as anti-proliferative agents, e.g., anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis agents, and/or as inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway, e.g., for treating diseases or disorders associated with aberrant Wnt signaling. In addition, the compounds can be used as inhibitors of one or more kinases, kinase receptors, or kinase complexes. Such compounds and compositions are also useful for controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and/or apoptosis.

The compounds and compositions described herein can be used to inhibit DYRK1A for treating a disorder or disease in which DYRK1A overexpression is implicated, such as Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Down Syndrome, Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism-17 (FTDP-17), Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's Disease, Pick's Disease, and additional diseases with pronounced neurodegeneration such as Autism, Dementia, Epilepsy, Huntington's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis; diseases and disorders associated with acquired brain injury such as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Traumatic Brain Injury, Tumor, and Stroke.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure include compounds of Formula I:

or salts, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or prodrugs thereof.

In some embodiments, R¹, R², R⁴, and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ haloalkyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).

In some embodiments, R¹, R², R⁴, and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H and halide (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I).

In some embodiments, R¹, R², R⁴, and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H and F.

In some embodiments, R¹, R², R⁴, and R are all H.

In some embodiments, R¹ is F, and R², R⁴, and R⁵ are all H.

In some embodiments, R² is F, and R¹, R⁴, and R⁵ are all H.

In some embodiments, R⁴ is F, and R¹, R², and R⁵ are all H.

In some embodiments, R⁵ is F, and R¹, R², and R⁴ are all H.

In some embodiments, R³ is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, R³ is 5-membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R³⁶;

In some embodiments, R³ is selected from the group consisting of: furanyl optionally substituted with 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R³⁶, thiophenyl optionally substituted with 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R³⁶, pyrrolyl optionally substituted with 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R³⁶,

wherein each m is independently 1 to 4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1).

In some embodiments, R³ is selected from the group consisting of:

wherein each of R⁷-R³⁵ is, independently, a substituent as defined anywhere herein or a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring; wherein only one of R⁷-R¹⁰ (when present) is a bond, only one of R¹¹-R¹⁴ (when present) is a bond, only one of R¹⁵-R¹⁷ (when present) is a bond, only one of R¹⁸-R²⁰ (when present) is a bond, only one of R²¹-R²³ (when present) is a bond, only one of R²⁴-R²⁶ (when present) is a bond, only one of R²⁷-R²⁹ (when present) is a bond, only one of R³⁰-R³¹ (when present) is a bond, only one of R³²-R³³ (when present) is a bond, and only one of R³⁴-R³⁵ (when present) is a bond; for purposes of clarification, any one of the nitrogen atoms attached to R⁷, R¹¹, R¹⁵, R¹⁸, or R²¹ can serve as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring; likewise, any one of the carbon atoms attached to R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁹, R²⁰, R²², R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷, R²⁸, R²⁹, R³⁰, R³¹, R³², R³³, R³⁴, or R³⁵ can serve as the point of attachment of R³ to the isoquinoline ring.

In some embodiment, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiment, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more halides (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I) or one or more unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl) (e.g., C_(2-3, 1-2, 1) alkyl).

In some embodiment, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more halides (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I) and one or more unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl) (e.g., C_(2-3, 1-2, 1) alkyl).

In some embodiment, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more F or one or more Me.

In some embodiment, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more F and one or more Me.

In some embodiment, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is —CH₂—.

In some embodiment, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is —CH₂CH₂—.

In some embodiment, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is —CH₂CH₂CH₂—.

In some embodiment, R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)(5-membered heteroaryl) optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁷ and 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁸.

In some embodiment, there is the proviso that that R⁶ is not

In some embodiments, R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of: —(CH₂)furanyl optionally substituted with 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R³⁷, —(CH₂)thiophenyl optionally substituted with 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R³⁷, —(CH₂)pyrrolyl optionally substituted with 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R³⁷,

wherein each m is independently 1 to 4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1).

In some embodiments, R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of: furanyl optionally substituted with 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R³⁸, thiophenyl optionally substituted with 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R³⁸, pyrrolyl optionally substituted with 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R³⁸,

wherein each m is independently 1 to 4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1).

In certain embodiments, R³ is selected from the group consisting of pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, and oxazolyl, each optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁶.

In certain embodiments, R³ is selected from the group consisting of pyrazol-4-yl, imidazol-5-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, thiadiazol-2-yl, and oxazol-5-yl, each optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁶.

In certain embodiments, R³ is an unsubstituted pyrazol-4-yl.

In certain embodiments, R³ is a pyrazol-4-yl substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).

In certain embodiments, R³ is a imidazol-5-yl substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).

In certain embodiments, R³ is a imidazol-5-yl substituted with two —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).

In certain embodiments, R³ is an unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl.

In certain embodiments, R³ is a 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).

In certain embodiments, R³ is an unsubstituted thiadiazol-2-yl.

In certain embodiments, R³ is a thiadiazol-2-yl substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).

In certain embodiments, R³ is an unsubstituted oxazol-5-yl.

In certain embodiments, R³ is a oxazol-5-yl substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).

In certain embodiments, R⁶ is —(CH₂)(5-membered heteroaryl) optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁷.

In certain embodiments, R⁶ is —(CH₂)pyrazolyl optionally substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).

In certain embodiments, R⁶ is —(CH₂)imidazolyl optionally substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).

In certain embodiments, R⁶ is 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁸.

In certain embodiments, R⁶ is thiadiazolyl optionally substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl) or one heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one R³⁹.

In certain embodiments, R⁶ is pyrazolyl optionally substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl) or one heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one R³⁹.

In certain embodiments, R⁶ is oxazolyl optionally substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl) or one heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one R³⁹.

In some embodiments, R³ is R

In certain embodiments, R⁹ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In certain embodiments, R⁹ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In some embodiments, R³ is

and n is 1 to 3.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₂ haloalkyl), and —(C₃₋₄ carbocyclyl) optionally substituted with 1-2 R⁴⁵.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of H, Me, —CF₃, and cyclopropyl optionally substituted with 1-2 R⁴⁵.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl) (e.g., C_(2-5, 3-5, 4-5, 2-4, 3-4, 2-3, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) alkyl).

In some embodiments, R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of H and Me.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is Me.

In some embodiments, R⁷ is —CD₃.

In some embodiments, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, one of R⁷ and R⁸, R⁸ and R⁹, or R⁹ and R¹⁰ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷.

In some embodiments, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl) (e.g., C_(2-5, 3-5, 4-5, 2-4, 3-4, 2-3, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) alkyl).

In some embodiments, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and Me.

In some embodiments, R⁹ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring and R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of H and Me.

In some embodiments, R⁹ is a single bond and R⁸ and R¹⁰ are both H.

In some embodiments, R³ is

In certain embodiments, R¹² is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In certain embodiments, R¹² is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In some embodiments, R³ is

and n is 1 to 3.

In some embodiments, R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₂ haloalkyl), and —(C₃₋₄ carbocyclyl) optionally substituted with 1-2 R⁴⁵.

In some embodiments, R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, —CF₃, and cyclopropyl optionally substituted with 1-2 R⁴⁵.

In some embodiments, R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl) (e.g., C_(2-5, 3-5, 4-5, 2-4, 3-4, 2-3, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) alkyl).

In some embodiments, R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of H and Me.

In some embodiments, R¹¹ is H.

In some embodiments, R¹¹ is Me.

In some embodiments, R¹¹ is —CD₃.

In some embodiments, R¹², R¹³, and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, one of R¹¹ and R¹², R¹² and R¹³, or R¹⁴ and R¹¹ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷.

In some embodiments, R¹², R¹³, and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl) (e.g., C_(2-5, 3-5, 4-5, 2-4, 3-4, 2-3, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) alkyl).

In some embodiments, R¹², R¹³, and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and Me.

In some embodiments, R¹² is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring and R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H and Me.

In some embodiments, R¹² is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring and R¹³ and R¹⁴ are both H.

In some embodiments, R¹² is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring; R¹³ is H, and R¹⁴ is Me.

In some embodiments, R³ is

In certain embodiments, R¹⁶ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In certain embodiments, R¹⁷ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In certain embodiments, R¹⁷ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In some embodiments, R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl) (e.g., C_(2-5, 3-5, 4-5, 2-4, 3-4, 2-3, 1-4, 1-3, 12, 1) alkyl).

In some embodiments, R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H and Me.

In some embodiments, R¹⁵ is H.

In some embodiments, R¹⁵ is Me.

In some embodiments, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, one of R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are taken together to form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷.

In some embodiments, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl) (e.g., C_(2-5, 3-5, 4-5, 2-4, 3-4, 2-3, 1-4, 1-3, 12, 1) alkyl).

In some embodiments, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and Me.

In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring and R¹⁶ is selected from the group consisting of H and Me.

In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring and R¹⁶ is H.

In some embodiments, R³ is

In certain embodiments, R²⁰ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In certain embodiments, R²⁰ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In some embodiments, R³ is

and n is 1 to 3.

In some embodiments, R¹⁸ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, R¹⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₂ haloalkyl), and —(C₃₋₄ carbocyclyl) optionally substituted with 1-2 R⁴⁵.

In some embodiments, R¹⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, —CF₃, and cyclopropyl optionally substituted with 1-2 R⁴⁵.

In some embodiments, R¹⁸ is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl) (e.g., C_(2-5, 3-5, 4-5, 2-4, 3-4, 2-3, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) alkyl).

In some embodiments, R¹⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H and Me.

In some embodiments, R¹⁸ is H.

In some embodiments, R¹⁸ is Me.

In some embodiments, R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, one of R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ or R¹⁸ and R²⁰ are taken together to form a heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶.

In some embodiments, R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl) (e.g., C_(2-5, 3-5, 4-5, 2-4, 3-4, 2-3, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) alkyl).

In some embodiments, R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, H, and Me.

In some embodiments, R²⁰ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring and R¹⁹ is selected from the group consisting of H and Me.

In some embodiments, R²⁰ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring and R¹⁹ is H.

In some embodiments, R³ is

In some embodiments, R³ is

and X is S.

In some embodiments, R³ is

and X is O.

In certain embodiments, R²⁷ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In some embodiments, R³

In some embodiments, R³

In some embodiments, R²⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H and halide.

In some embodiments, R²⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H and F.

In some embodiments, R²⁹ is selected from the group consisting of H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₂ alkyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₂ haloalkyl).

In some embodiments, R²⁹ is selected from the group consisting of H, F, methyl, and —CF₃.

In some embodiments, R³ is

In some embodiments, R³ is

and X is S.

In some embodiments, R³ is

and X is O.

In certain embodiments, R³³ is a single bond connecting R³ to the isoquinoline ring, i.e., R³ has the following formula:

In some embodiments, R³ is

In some embodiments, R³ is

In some embodiments, R³² is selected from the group consisting of H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₂ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₂ haloalkyl), and —N(R⁵³)₂.

In some embodiments, R³² is selected from the group consisting of H, F, methyl, —CF₃, —NHMe, and —NMe₂.

In some embodiments, R³² is selected from the group consisting of H and methyl.

In some embodiments, R³² is methyl.

In some embodiments, each R³⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, two adjacent R³⁶ taken together form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷.

In some embodiments, each R³⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R³⁹, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁰; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, each R³⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl), -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-2 R³⁹, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-2 R⁴⁰.

In some embodiments, each R³⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of Me, Et, iPr, iBu, cyclopropyl,

and q is 0 to 2.

In some embodiments, each R³⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of Me, Et, iPr, iBu, cyclopropyl,

q is to 2.

In some embodiments, each R³⁸ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R³⁹, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁰; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, each R³⁸ is independently selected from the group consisting of Me, Et, iPr, iBu, cyclopropyl,

and q is 0 to 2.

In some embodiments, each R³⁸ is independently selected from the group consisting of Me, Et, iPr, iBu, cyclopropyl,

q is 0 to 2.

In some embodiments, each R³⁹ is independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —C(═O)O(R⁴¹), —N(R⁴²)₂, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, each R⁴⁰ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN.

In some embodiments, R⁴¹ is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl).

In some embodiments, each R⁴² is attached to the nitrogen and is selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl).

In some embodiments, each R⁴³ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), and —CN.

In some embodiments, each R⁴⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein-(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, each R⁴⁵ independently is selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, each R⁴⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined anywhere herein.

In some embodiments, each R⁴⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN.

In some embodiments, each p is independently 0 or 1.

In some embodiments, p is 0.

In some embodiments, p is 1.

In some embodiments, each X is O or S.

Illustrative compounds of Formula (I) are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

Administration and Pharmaceutical Compositions

Some embodiments include pharmaceutical compositions comprising: (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein, or its corresponding enantiomer, diastereoisomer or tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The compounds provided herein may also be useful in combination (administered together or sequentially) with other known agents.

Non-limiting examples of diseases which can be treated with a combination of a compound of Formula (I) and other another active agent are colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, chronic inflammation, diabetic retinopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, and osteoarthritis. For example, a compound of Formula (I) can be combined with one or more chemotherapeutic compounds.

In some embodiments, colorectal cancer can be treated with a combination of a compound of Formula (I) and one or more of the following drugs: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), which can be administered with the vitamin-like drug leucovorin (also called folinic acid); capecitabine (XELODA®), irinotecan (CAMPOSTAR®), oxaliplatin (ELOXATIN®). Examples of combinations of these drugs which could be further combined with a compound of Formula (I) are FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin), FOLFIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, and irinotecan), FOLFOXIRI (leucovorin, 5-FU, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan) and CapeOx (Capecitabine and oxaliplatin). For rectal cancer, chemo with 5-FU or capecitabine combined with radiation may be given before surgery (neoadjuvant treatment).

In some embodiments, ovarian cancer can be treated with a combination of a compound of Formula (I) and one or more of the following drugs: Topotecan, Liposomal doxorubicin (DOXIL®), Gemcitabine (GEMZAR®), Cyclophosphamide (CYTOXAN®), Vinorelbine (NAVELBINE®), Ifosfamide (IFEX®), Etoposide (VP-16), Altretamine (HEXALEN®), Capecitabine (XELODA®), Irinotecan (CPT-11, CAMPTOSAR®), Melphalan, Pemetrexed (ALIMTA®) and Albumin bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel, ABRAXANE®). Examples of combinations of these drugs which could be further combined with a compound of Formula (I) are TIP (paclitaxel [Taxol], ifosfamide, and cisplatin), VeIP (vinblastine, ifosfamide, and cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide [VP-16], ifosfamide, and cisplatin).

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) can be used to treat cancer in combination with any of the following methods: (a) Hormone therapy such as aromatase inhibitors, LHRH [luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone] analogs and inhibitors, and others; (b) Ablation or embolization procedures such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), ethanol (alcohol) ablation, microwave thermotherapy and cryosurgery (cryotherapy); (c) Chemotherapy using alkylating agents such as cisplatin and carboplatin, oxaliplatin, mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil and ifosfamide; (d) Chemotherapy using anti-metabolites such as azathioprine and mercaptopurine; (e) Chemotherapy using plant alkaloids and terpenoids such as vinca alkaloids (i.e. Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine and Vindesine) and taxanes; (f) Chemotherapy using podophyllotoxin, etoposide, teniposide and docetaxel; (g) Chemotherapy using topoisomerase inhibitors such as irinotecan, topotecan, amsacrine, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, and teniposide; (h) Chemotherapy using cytotoxic antibiotics such as actinomycin, anthracyclines, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, valrubicin, idarubicin, epirubicin, bleomycin, plicamycin and mitomycin; (i) Chemotherapy using tyrosine-kinase inhibitors such as Imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC®, also known as STI-571), Gefitinib (Iressa, also known as ZD1839), Erlotinib (marketed as TARCEVA®), Bortezomib (VELCADE®), tamoxifen, tofacitinib, crizotinib, Bcl-2 inhibitors (e.g. obatoclax in clinical trials, ABT-263, and Gossypol), PARP inhibitors (e.g. Iniparib, Olaparib in clinical trials), PI3K inhibitors (e.g. perifosine in a phase III trial), VEGF Receptor 2 inhibitors (e.g. Apatinib), AN-152, (AEZS-108), Braf inhibitors (e.g. vemurafenib, dabrafenib and LGX818), MEK inhibitors (e.g. trametinib and MEK162), CDK inhibitors, (e.g. PD-0332991), salinomycin and Sorafenib; (j) Chemotherapy using monoclonal antibodies such as Rituximab (marketed as MABTHERA® or RITUXAN®), Trastuzumab (Herceptin also known as ErbB2), Cetuximab (marketed as ERBITUX®), and Bevacizumab (marketed as AVASTIN®); and (k) radiation therapy.

In some embodiments, diabetic retinopathy can be treated with a combination of a compound of Formula (I) and one or more of the following natural supplements: Bilberry, Butcher's broom, Ginkgo, Grape seed extract, and Pycnogenol (Pine bark).

In some embodiments, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/pulmonary fibrosis can be treated with a combination of a compound of Formula (I) and one or more of the following drugs: pirfenidone (pirfenidone was approved for use in 2011 in Europe under the brand name Esbriet®), prednisone, azathioprine, N-acetylcysteine, interferon-γ 1b, bosentan (bosentan is currently being studied in patients with IPF, [The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011), 184(1), 92-9]), Nintedanib (BIBF 1120 and Vargatef), QAX576 [British Journal of Pharmacology (2011), 163(1), 141-172], and anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) can be used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/pulmonary fibrosis in combination with any of the following methods: oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation and surgery.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) can be used to treat osteoarthritis in combination with any of the following methods: (a) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin and acetaminophen; (b) physical therapy; (c) injections of corticosteroid medications; (d) injections of hyaluronic acid derivatives (e.g. Hyalgan, Synvisc); (e) narcotics, like codeine; (f) in combination with braces and/or shoe inserts or any device that can immobilize or support your joint to help you keep pressure off it (e.g., splints, braces, shoe inserts or other medical devices); (g) realigning bones (osteotomy); (h) joint replacement (arthroplasty); and (i) in combination with a chronic pain class.

In some embodiments, macular degeneration can be treated with a combination of a compound of Formula (I) and one or more of the following drugs: Bevacizumab (Avastin®), Ranibizumab (Lucentis®), Pegaptanib (Macugen), Aflibercept (Eylea®), verteporfin (Visudyne®) in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT) or with any of the following methods: (a) in combination with laser to destroy abnormal blood vessels (photocoagulation); and (b) in combination with increased vitamin intake of antioxidant vitamins and zinc.

In some embodiments, retinitis pigmentosa can be treated with a combination of a compound of Formula (I) and one or more of the following drugs: UF-021 (Ocuseva™), vitamin A palmitate and pikachurin or with any of the following methods: (a) with the Argus® II retinal implant; and (b) with stem cell and/or gene therapy.

Administration of the compounds disclosed herein or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be via any of the accepted modes of administration, including, but not limited to, orally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intranasally, topically, transdermally, intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, intrapulmonarilly, vaginally, rectally, ontologically, neuro-otologically, intraocularly, subconjuctivally, via anterior eye chamber injection, intravitreally, intraperitoneally, intrathecally, intracystically, intrapleurally, via wound irrigation, intrabuccally, intra-abdominally, intra-articularly, intra-aurally, intrabronchially, intracapsularly, intrameningeally, via inhalation, via endotracheal or endobronchial instillation, via direct instillation into pulmonary cavities, intraspinally, intrasynovially, intrathoracically, via thoracostomy irrigation, epidurally, intratympanically, intracisternally, intravascularly, intraventricularly, intraosseously, via irrigation of infected bone, or via application as part of any admixture with a prosthetic devices. In some embodiments, the administration method includes oral or parenteral administration.

Compounds provided herein intended for pharmaceutical use may be administered as crystalline or amorphous products. Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions may include solid, semi-solid, liquid, solutions, colloidal, liposomes, emulsions, suspensions, complexes, coacervates and aerosols. Dosage forms, such as, e.g., tablets, capsules, powders, liquids, suspensions, suppositories, aerosols, implants, controlled release or the like. They may be obtained, for example, as solid plugs, powders, or films by methods such as precipitation, crystallization, milling, grinding, supercritical fluid processing, coacervation, complex coacervation, encapsulation, emulsification, complexation, freeze drying, spray drying, or evaporative drying. Microwave or radio frequency drying may be used for this purpose. The compounds can also be administered in sustained or controlled release dosage forms, including depot injections, osmotic pumps, pills (tablets and or capsules), transdermal (including electrotransport) patches, implants and the like, for prolonged and/or timed, pulsed administration at a predetermined rate.

The compounds can be administered either alone or in combination with a conventional pharmaceutical carrier, excipient or the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) such as d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, surfactants used in pharmaceutical dosage forms such as Tweens, poloxamers or other similar polymeric delivery matrices, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, tris, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium-chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, and wool fat. Cyclodextrins such as α-, β, and γ-cyclodextrin, or chemically modified derivatives such as hydroxyalkylcyclodextrins, including 2- and 3-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins, or other solubilized derivatives can also be used to enhance delivery of compounds described herein. Dosage forms or compositions containing a compound as described herein in the range of 0.005% to 100% with the balance made up from non-toxic carrier may be prepared. The contemplated compositions may contain 0.001%-100% of a compound provided herein, in one embodiment 0.1-95%, in another embodiment 75-85%, in a further embodiment 20-80%. Actual methods of preparing such dosage forms are known, or will be apparent, to those skilled in this art; for example, see Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 22^(nd) Edition (Pharmaceutical Press, London, U K. 2012).

In one embodiment, the compositions will take the form of a unit dosage form such as a pill or tablet and thus the composition may contain, along with a compound provided herein, a diluent such as lactose, sucrose, dicalcium phosphate, or the like; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or the like; and a binder such as starch, gum acacia, polyvinylpyrrolidine, gelatin, cellulose, cellulose derivatives or the like. In another solid dosage form, a powder, marume, solution or suspension (e.g., in propylene carbonate, vegetable oils, PEG's, poloxamer 124 or triglycerides) is encapsulated in a capsule (gelatin or cellulose base capsule). Unit dosage forms in which one or more compounds provided herein or additional active agents are physically separated are also contemplated; e.g., capsules with granules (or tablets in a capsule) of each drug; two-layer tablets; two-compartment gel caps, etc. Enteric coated or delayed release oral dosage forms are also contemplated.

Liquid pharmaceutically administrable compositions can, for example, be prepared by dissolving, dispersing, etc. a compound provided herein and optional pharmaceutical adjuvants in a carrier (e.g., water, saline, aqueous dextrose, glycerol, glycols, ethanol or the like) to form a solution, colloid, liposome, emulsion, complexes, coacervate or suspension. If desired, the pharmaceutical composition can also contain minor amounts of nontoxic auxiliary substances such as wetting agents, emulsifying agents, co-solvents, solubilizing agents, pH buffering agents and the like (e.g., sodium acetate, sodium citrate, cyclodextrin derivatives, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine acetate, triethanolamine oleate, and the like).

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 0.25 mg/Kg to about 50 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 0.25 mg/Kg to about 20 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 0.50 mg/Kg to about 19 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 0.75 mg/Kg to about 18 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 1.0 mg/Kg to about 17 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 1.25 mg/Kg to about 16 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 1.50 mg/Kg to about 15 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 1.75 mg/Kg to about 14 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 2.0 mg/Kg to about 13 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 3.0 mg/Kg to about 12 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 4.0 mg/Kg to about 11 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the unit dosage of compounds of Formula (I) is about 5.0 mg/Kg to about 10 mg/Kg in humans.

In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration.

In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in unit dosage forms suitable for twice a day administration.

In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in unit dosage forms suitable for three times a day administration.

Injectables can be prepared in conventional forms, either as liquid solutions, colloid, liposomes, complexes, coacervate or suspensions, as emulsions, or in solid forms suitable for reconstitution in liquid prior to injection. The percentage of a compound provided herein contained in such parenteral compositions is highly dependent on the specific nature thereof, as well as the activity of the compound and the needs of the patient. However, percentages of active ingredient of 0.01% to 10% in solution are employable, and could be higher if the composition is a solid or suspension, which could be subsequently diluted to the above percentages.

In some embodiments, the composition will comprise about 0.1-10% of the active agent in solution.

In some embodiments, the composition will comprise about 0.1-5% of the active agent in solution.

In some embodiments, the composition will comprise about 0.1-4% of the active agent in solution.

In some embodiments, the composition will comprise about 0.15-3% of the active agent in solution.

In some embodiments, the composition will comprise about 0.2-2% of the active agent in solution.

In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in dosage forms suitable for continuous dosage by intravenous infusion over a period of about 1-96 hours.

In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in dosage forms suitable for continuous dosage by intravenous infusion over a period of about 1-72 hours.

In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in dosage forms suitable for continuous dosage by intravenous infusion over a period of about 1-48 hours.

In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in dosage forms suitable for continuous dosage by intravenous infusion over a period of about 1-24 hours.

In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in dosage forms suitable for continuous dosage by intravenous infusion over a period of about 1-12 hours.

In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in dosage forms suitable for continuous dosage by intravenous infusion over a period of about 1-6 hours.

In some embodiments, these compositions can be administered by intravenous infusion to humans at doses of about 5 mg/m² to about 300 mg/m².

In some embodiments, these compositions can be administered by intravenous infusion to humans at doses of about 5 mg/m² to about 200 mg/m².

In some embodiments, these compositions can be administered by intravenous infusion to humans at doses of about 5 mg/m² to about 100 mg/m².

In some embodiments, these compositions can be administered by intravenous infusion to humans at doses of about 10 mg/m² to about 50 mg/m².

In some embodiments, these compositions can be administered by intravenous infusion to humans at doses of about 50 mg/m² to about 200 mg/m².

In some embodiments, these compositions can be administered by intravenous infusion to humans at doses of about 75 mg/m² to about 175 mg/m².

In some embodiments, these compositions can be administered by intravenous infusion to humans at doses of about 100 mg/m² to about 150 mg/m².

It is to be noted that concentrations and dosage values may also vary depending on the specific compound and the severity of the condition to be alleviated. It is to be further understood that for any particular patient, specific dosage regimens should be adjusted over time according to the individual need and the professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration of the compositions, and that the concentration ranges set forth herein are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope or practice of the claimed compositions.

In one embodiment, the compositions can be administered to the respiratory tract (including nasal and pulmonary) e.g., through a nebulizer, metered-dose inhalers, atomizer, mister, aerosol, dry powder inhaler, insufflator, liquid instillation or other suitable device or technique.

In some embodiments, aerosols intended for delivery to the nasal mucosa are provided for inhalation through the nose. For optimal delivery to the nasal cavities, inhaled particle sizes of about 5 to about 100 microns are useful, with particle sizes of about 10 to about 60 microns being preferred. For nasal delivery, a larger inhaled particle size may be desired to maximize impaction on the nasal mucosa and to minimize or prevent pulmonary deposition of the administered formulation. In some embodiments, aerosols intended for delivery to the lung are provided for inhalation through the nose or the mouth. For delivery to the lung, inhaled aerodynamic particle sizes of about less than 10 μm are useful (e.g., about 1 to about 10 microns). Inhaled particles may be defined as liquid droplets containing dissolved drug, liquid droplets containing suspended drug particles (in cases where the drug is insoluble in the suspending medium), dry particles of pure drug substance, drug substance incorporated with excipients, liposomes, emulsions, colloidal systems, coacervates, aggregates of drug nanoparticles, or dry particles of a diluent which contain embedded drug nanoparticles.

In some embodiments, compounds of Formula (I) disclosed herein intended for respiratory delivery (either systemic or local) can be administered as aqueous formulations, as non-aqueous solutions or suspensions, as suspensions or solutions in halogenated hydrocarbon propellants with or without alcohol, as a colloidal system, as emulsions, coacervates, or as dry powders. Aqueous formulations may be aerosolized by liquid nebulizers employing either hydraulic or ultrasonic atomization or by modified micropump systems (like the soft mist inhalers, the Aerodose® or the AERx® systems). Propellant-based systems may use suitable pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). Dry powders may use dry powder inhaler devices (DPIs), which are capable of dispersing the drug substance effectively. A desired particle size and distribution may be obtained by choosing an appropriate device.

In some embodiments, the compositions of Formula (I) disclosed herein can be administered to the ear by various methods. For example, a round window catheter (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,440,102 and 6,648,873) can be used.

Alternatively, formulations can be incorporated into a wick for use between the outer and middle ear (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,484) or absorbed to collagen sponge or other solid support (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,164,559).

If desired, formulations of the disclosure can be incorporated into a gel formulation (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,474,752 and 6,911,211).

In some embodiments, compounds of Formula (I) disclosed herein intended for delivery to the ear can be administered via an implanted pump and delivery system through a needle directly into the middle or inner ear (cochlea) or through a cochlear implant stylet electrode channel or alternative prepared drug delivery channel such as but not limited to a needle through temporal bone into the cochlea.

Other options include delivery via a pump through a thin film coated onto a multichannel electrode or electrode with a specially imbedded drug delivery channel (pathways) carved into the thin film for this purpose. In other embodiments the acidic or basic solid compound of Formula (I) can be delivered from the reservoir of an external or internal implanted pumping system.

Formulations of the disclosure also can be administered to the ear by intratympanic injection into the middle ear, inner ear, or cochlea (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,377,849 and Ser. No. 11/337,815).

Intratympanic injection of therapeutic agents is the technique of injecting a therapeutic agent behind the tympanic membrane into the middle and/or inner ear. In one embodiment, the formulations described herein are administered directly onto the round window membrane via transtympanic injection. In another embodiment, the ion channel modulating agent auris-acceptable formulations described herein are administered onto the round window membrane via a non-transtympanic approach to the inner ear. In additional embodiments, the formulation described herein is administered onto the round window membrane via a surgical approach to the round window membrane comprising modification of the crista fenestrae cochleae.

In some embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I) are formulated in rectal compositions such as enemas, rectal gels, rectal foams, rectal aerosols, suppositories, jelly suppositories, or retention enemas, containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides, as well as synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, PEG (like PEG ointments), and the like.

Suppositories for rectal administration of the drug (either as a solution, colloid, suspension or a complex) can be prepared by mixing a compound provided herein with a suitable non-irritating excipient that is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt or erode/dissolve in the rectum and release the compound. Such materials include cocoa butter, glycerinated gelatin, hydrogenated vegetable oils, poloxamers, mixtures of polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights and fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol. In suppository forms of the compositions, a low-melting wax such as, but not limited to, a mixture of fatty acid glycerides, optionally in combination with cocoa butter, is first melted.

Solid compositions can be provided in various different types of dosage forms, depending on the physicochemical properties of the compound provided herein, the desired dissolution rate, cost considerations, and other criteria. In one of the embodiments, the solid composition is a single unit. This implies that one unit dose of the compound is comprised in a single, physically shaped solid form or article. In other words, the solid composition is coherent, which is in contrast to a multiple unit dosage form, in which the units are incoherent.

Examples of single units which may be used as dosage forms for the solid composition include tablets, such as compressed tablets, film-like units, foil-like units, wafers, lyophilized matrix units, and the like. In one embodiment, the solid composition is a highly porous lyophilized form. Such lyophilizates, sometimes also called wafers or lyophilized tablets, are particularly useful for their rapid disintegration, which also enables the rapid dissolution of the compound.

On the other hand, for some applications the solid composition may also be formed as a multiple unit dosage form as defined above. Examples of multiple units are powders, granules, microparticles, pellets, mini-tablets, beads, lyophilized powders, and the like. In one embodiment, the solid composition is a lyophilized powder. Such a dispersed lyophilized system comprises a multitude of powder particles, and due to the lyophilization process used in the formation of the powder, each particle has an irregular, porous microstructure through which the powder is capable of absorbing water very rapidly, resulting in quick dissolution. Effervescent compositions are also contemplated to aid the quick dispersion and absorption of the compound.

Another type of multiparticulate system which is also capable of achieving rapid drug dissolution is that of powders, granules, or pellets from water-soluble excipients which are coated with a compound provided herein so that the compound is located at the outer surface of the individual particles. In this type of system, the water-soluble low molecular weight excipient may be useful for preparing the cores of such coated particles, which can be subsequently coated with a coating composition comprising the compound and, for example, one or more additional excipients, such as a binder, a pore former, a saccharide, a sugar alcohol, a film-forming polymer, a plasticizer, or other excipients used in pharmaceutical coating compositions.

Also provided herein are kits. Typically, a kit includes one or more compounds or compositions as described herein. In certain embodiments, a kit can include one or more delivery systems, e.g., for delivering or administering a compound as provided herein, and directions for use of the kit (e.g., instructions for treating a patient). In another embodiment, the kit can include a compound or composition as described herein and a label that indicates that the contents are to be administered to a patient with cancer. In another embodiment, the kit can include a compound or composition as described herein and a label that indicates that the contents are to be administered to a patient with one or more of hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, ovarian cancer, diabetic retinopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, mycotic and viral infections, bone and cartilage diseases, Alzheimer's disease, lung disease, bone/osteoporotic (wrist, spine, shoulder and hip) fractures, articular cartilage (chondral) defects, degenerative disc disease (or intervertebral disc degeneration), polyposis coli, bone density and vascular defects in the eye (Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma Syndrome, OPPG), familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, retinal angiogenesis, early coronary disease, tetra-amelia, Müllerian-duct regression and virilization, SERKAL syndrome, type II diabetes, Fuhrmann syndrome, Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild/Schinzel phocomelia syndrome, odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia, obesity, split-hand/foot malformation, caudal duplication, tooth agenesis, Wilms tumor, skeletal dysplasia, focal dermal hypoplasia, autosomal recessive anonychia, neural tube defects, alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome, fragile X syndrome, ICF syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Norrie disease, and Rett syndrome.

Methods of Treatment

The compounds and compositions provided herein can be used as inhibitors and/or modulators of one or more components of the Wnt pathway, which may include one or more Wnt proteins, and thus can be used to treat a variety of disorders and diseases in which aberrant Wnt signaling is implicated, such as cancer and other diseases associated with abnormal angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, and cell cycling. Accordingly, the compounds and compositions provided herein can be used to treat cancer, to reduce or inhibit angiogenesis, to reduce or inhibit cellular proliferation, to correct a genetic disorder, and/or to treat a neurological condition/disorder/disease due to mutations or dysregulation of the Wnt pathway and/or of one or more of Wnt signaling components. Non-limiting examples of diseases which can be treated with the compounds and compositions provided herein include a variety of cancers, diabetic retinopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, mycotic and viral infections, bone and cartilage diseases, neurological conditions/diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis or autism, lung disease, bone/osteoporotic (wrist, spine, shoulder and hip) fractures, polyposis coli, bone density and vascular defects in the eye (Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma Syndrome, OPPG), familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, retinal angiogenesis, early coronary disease, tetra-amelia, Müllerian-duct regression and virilization, SERKAL syndrome, type II diabetes, Fuhrmann syndrome, Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild/Schinzel phocomelia syndrome, odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia, obesity, split-hand/foot malformation, caudal duplication, tooth agenesis, Wilms tumor, skeletal dysplasia, focal dermal hypoplasia, autosomal recessive anonychia, neural tube defects, alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome, fragile X syndrome, ICF syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Norrie disease and Rett syndrome.

With respect to cancer, the Wnt pathway is known to be constitutively activated in a variety of cancers including, for example, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and leukemias such as CML, CLL and T-ALL. Accordingly, the compounds and compositions described herein may be used to treat these cancers in which the Wnt pathway is constitutively activated. In certain embodiments, the cancer is chosen from hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma and ovarian cancer.

Other cancers can also be treated with the compounds and compositions described herein.

More particularly, cancers that may be treated by the compounds, compositions and methods described herein include, but are not limited to, the following:

1) Breast cancers, including, for example ER⁺ breast cancer, ER⁺ breast cancer, her2⁻ breast cancer, her2⁺ breast cancer, stromal tumors such as fibroadenomas, phyllodes tumors, and sarcomas, and epithelial tumors such as large duct papillomas; carcinomas of the breast including in situ (noninvasive) carcinoma that includes ductal carcinoma in situ (including Paget's disease) and lobular carcinoma in situ, and invasive (infiltrating) carcinoma including, but not limited to, invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, colloid (mucinous) carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, and invasive papillary carcinoma; and miscellaneous malignant neoplasms. Further examples of breast cancers can include luminal A, luminal B, basal A, basal B, and triple negative breast cancer, which is estrogen receptor negative (ER⁻), progesterone receptor negative, and her2 negative (her2⁻). In some embodiments, the breast cancer may have a high risk Oncotype score.

2) Cardiac cancers, including, for example sarcoma, e.g., angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and liposarcoma; myxoma; rhabdomyoma; fibroma; lipoma and teratoma.

3) Lung cancers, including, for example, bronchogenic carcinoma, e.g., squamous cell, undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell, and adenocarcinoma; alveolar and bronchiolar carcinoma; bronchial adenoma; sarcoma; lymphoma; chondromatous hamartoma; and mesothelioma.

4) Gastrointestinal cancer, including, for example, cancers of the esophagus, e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, and lymphoma; cancers of the stomach, e.g., carcinoma, lymphoma, and leiomyosarcoma; cancers of the pancreas, e.g., ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid tumors, and vipoma; cancers of the small bowel, e.g., adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, Kaposi's sarcoma, leiomyoma, hemangioma, lipoma, neurofibroma, and fibroma; cancers of the large bowel, e.g., adenocarcinoma, tubular adenoma, villous adenoma, hamartoma, and leiomyoma.

5) Genitourinary tract cancers, including, for example, cancers of the kidney, e.g., adenocarcinoma, Wilm's tumor (nephroblastoma), lymphoma, and leukemia; cancers of the bladder and urethra, e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma; cancers of the prostate, e.g., adenocarcinoma, and sarcoma; cancer of the testis, e.g., seminoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma, interstitial cell carcinoma, fibroma, fibroadenoma, adenomatoid tumors, and lipoma.

6) Liver cancers, including, for example, hepatoma, e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma; cholangiocarcinoma; hepatoblastoma; angiosarcoma; hepatocellular adenoma; and hemangioma.

7) Bone cancers, including, for example, osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma), fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma), multiple myeloma, malignant giant cell tumor chordoma, osteochrondroma (osteocartilaginous exostoses), benign chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxofibroma, osteoid osteoma and giant cell tumors.

8) Nervous system cancers, including, for example, cancers of the skull, e.g., osteoma, hemangioma, granuloma, xanthoma, and osteitis deformans; cancers of the meninges, e.g., meningioma, meningiosarcoma, and gliomatosis; cancers of the brain, e.g., astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, glioma, ependymoma, germinoma (pinealoma), glioblastoma multiform, oligodendroglioma, oligodendrocytoma, schwannoma, retinoblastoma, and congenital tumors; and cancers of the spinal cord, e.g., neurofibroma, meningioma, glioma, and sarcoma.

9) Gynecological cancers, including, for example, cancers of the uterus, e.g., endometrial carcinoma; cancers of the cervix, e.g., cervical carcinoma, and pre tumor cervical dysplasia; cancers of the ovaries, e.g., ovarian carcinoma, including serous cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, unclassified carcinoma, granulosa theca cell tumors, Sertoli Leydig cell tumors, dysgerminoma, and malignant teratoma; cancers of the vulva, e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, intraepithelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma, and melanoma; cancers of the vagina, e.g., clear cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, botryoid sarcoma, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma; and cancers of the fallopian tubes, e.g., carcinoma.

10) Hematologic cancers, including, for example, cancers of the blood, e.g., acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloproliferative diseases, multiple myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndrome, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (malignant lymphoma) and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

11) Skin cancers and skin disorders, including, for example, malignant melanoma and metastatic melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, moles dysplastic nevi, lipoma, angioma, dermatofibroma, keloids, and scleroderma.

12) Adrenal gland cancers, including, for example, neuroblastoma.

More particularly, tumors of the central nervous system that may be treated by the compounds, compositions and methods described herein include:

1) Astrocytic tumors, e.g., diffuse astrocytoma (fibrillary, protoplasmic, gemistocytic, mixed), anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme (giant cell glioblastoma and gliosarcoma), pilocytic astrocytoma (pilomyxoid astrocytoma), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, and gliomatosis cerebri.

2) Oligodendroglial tumors, e.g., oligodendroglioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma.

3) Oligoastrocytic tumors, e.g., oligoastrocytoma and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma.

4) Ependymal tumors, e.g., subependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma, ependymoma, (cellular, papillary, clear cell, tanycytic), and anaplastic (malignant) ependymoma.

5) Choroid plexus tumors, e.g., choroid plexus papilloma, atypical choroid plexus papilloma, and choroid plexus carcinoma.

6) Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors, e.g., gangliocytoma, ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET), dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos), desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma, central neurocytoma, anaplastic ganglioglioma, extraventricular neurocytoma, cerebellar liponeurocytoma, Papillary glioneuronal tumor, Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle, and paraganglioma of the filum terminale.

7) Pineal tumors, e.g., pineocytoma, pineoblastoma, papillary tumors of the pineal region, and pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation.

8) Embryonal tumors, e.g., medulloblastoma (medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity, anaplastic medulloblastoma, desmoplastic, large cell, melanotic, medullomyoblastoma), medulloepithelioma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) such as neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ependymoblastoma, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.

9) Neuroblastic tumors, e.g., olfactory (esthesioneuroblastoma), olfactory neuroepithelioma, and neuroblastomas of the adrenal gland and sympathetic nervous system.

10) Glial tumors, e.g., astroblastoma, chordoid glioma of the third ventricle, and angiocentric glioma.

11) Tumors of cranial and paraspinal nerves, e.g., schwannoma, neurofibroma Perineurioma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

12) Tumors of the meninges such as tumors of meningothelial cells, e.g., meningioma (atypical meningioma and anaplastic meningioma); mesenchymal tumors, e.g., lipoma, angiolipoma, hibernoma, liposarcoma, solitary fibrous tumor, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chondroma, chondrosarcoma, osteoma, osteosarcoma, osteochondroma, haemangioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, haemangiopericytoma, anaplastic haemangiopericytoma, angiosarcoma, Kaposi Sarcoma, and Ewing Sarcoma; primary melanocytic lesions, e.g., diffuse melanocytosis, melanocytoma, malignant melanoma, meningeal melanomatosis; and hemangioblastomas.

13) Tumors of the hematopoietic system, e.g., malignant Lymphomas, plasmocytoma, and granulocytic sarcoma.

14) Germ cell tumors, e.g., germinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, and mixed germ cell tumors.

15) Tumors of the sellar region, e.g., craniopharyngioma, granular cell tumor, pituicytoma, and spindle cell oncocytoma of the adenohypophysis.

Cancers may be solid tumors that may or may not be metastatic. Cancers may also occur, as in leukemia, as a diffuse tissue. Thus, the term “tumor cell,” as provided herein, includes a cell afflicted by any one of the above identified disorders.

A method of treating cancer using a compound or composition as described herein may be combined with existing methods of treating cancers, for example by chemotherapy, irradiation, or surgery (e.g., oophorectomy). In some embodiments, a compound or composition can be administered before, during, or after another anticancer agent or treatment.

The compounds and compositions described herein can be used as anti-angiogenesis agents and as agents for modulating and/or inhibiting the activity of protein kinases, thus providing treatments for cancer and other diseases associated with cellular proliferation mediated by protein kinases. For example, the compounds described herein can inhibit the activity of one or more kinases. Accordingly, provided herein is a method of treating cancer or preventing or reducing angiogenesis through kinase inhibition.

In addition, and including treatment of cancer, the compounds and compositions described herein can function as cell-cycle control agents for treating proliferative disorders in a patient. Disorders associated with excessive proliferation include, for example, cancers, scleroderma, immunological disorders involving undesired proliferation of leukocytes, and restenosis and other smooth muscle disorders. Furthermore, such compounds may be used to prevent de-differentiation of post-mitotic tissue and/or cells.

Diseases or disorders associated with uncontrolled or abnormal cellular proliferation include, but are not limited to, the following:

-   -   a variety of cancers, including, but not limited to, carcinoma,         hematopoietic tumors of lymphoid lineage, hematopoietic tumors         of myeloid lineage, tumors of mesenchymal origin, tumors of the         central and peripheral nervous system and other tumors including         melanoma, seminoma and Kaposi's sarcoma.     -   a disease process which features abnormal cellular         proliferation, e.g., benign prostatic hyperplasia, familial         adenomatosis polyposis, neurofibromatosis, atherosclerosis,         arthritis, glomerulonephritis, restenosis following angioplasty         or vascular surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, transplantation         rejection, endotoxic shock, and fungal infections. Fibrotic         disorders such as skin fibrosis; scleroderma; progressive         systemic fibrosis; lung fibrosis; muscle fibrosis; kidney         fibrosis; glomerulosclerosis; glomerulonephritis; hypertrophic         scar formation; uterine fibrosis; renal fibrosis; cirrhosis of         the liver, liver fibrosis; fatty liver disease (FLD); adhesions,         such as those occurring in the abdomen, pelvis, spine or         tendons; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; fibrosis         following myocardial infarction; pulmonary fibrosis; fibrosis         and scarring associated with diffuse/interstitial lung disease;         central nervous system fibrosis, such as fibrosis following         stroke; fibrosis associated with neuro-degenerative disorders         such as Alzheimer's Disease or multiple sclerosis; fibrosis         associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR);         restenosis; endometriosis; ischemic disease and radiation         fibrosis.     -   defective apoptosis-associated conditions, such as cancers         (including but not limited to those types mentioned herein),         viral infections (including but not limited to herpesvirus,         poxvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Sindbis virus and adenovirus),         prevention of AIDS development in HIV-infected individuals,         autoimmune diseases (including but not limited to systemic lupus         erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, ankylosing         spondylitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, autoimmune mediated         glomerulonephritis, inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune         diabetes mellitus), neuro-degenerative disorders (including but         not limited to Alzheimer's disease, lung disease, amyotrophic         lateral sclerosis, retinitis pigmentosa, Parkinson's disease,         AIDS-related dementia, spinal muscular atrophy and cerebellar         degeneration), myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anemia,         ischemic injury associated with myocardial infarctions, stroke         and reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis,         toxin-induced or alcohol related liver diseases, hematological         diseases (including but not limited to chronic anemia and         aplastic anemia), degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal         system (including but not limited to osteoporosis and         arthritis), tendinopathies such as tendinitis and tendinosis,         aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis, cystic fibrosis, multiple         sclerosis, kidney diseases and cancer pain.     -   genetic diseases due to mutations in Wnt signaling components,         such as polyposis coli, bone density and vascular defects in the         eye (Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma Syndrome, OPPG), familial         exudative vitreoretinopathy, retinal angiogenesis, early         coronary disease, tetra-amelia, Müllerian-duct regression and         virilization, SERKAL syndrome, type II diabetes, Fuhrmann         syndrome, Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild/Schinzel phocomelia syndrome,         odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia, obesity, split-hand/foot         malformation, caudal duplication, tooth agenesis, Wilms tumor,         skeletal dysplasia, focal dermal hypoplasia, autosomal recessive         anonychia, neural tube defects, alpha-thalassemia (ATRX)         syndrome, fragile X syndrome, ICF syndrome, Angelman syndrome,         Prader-Willi syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Norrie         disease and Rett syndrome.

The compounds and compositions provided herein have been found to possess immunomodulatory activities and are expected to control the innate and adaptive immune system (e.g. macrophages, microglia, dendritic cells, B and T cells) and suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine release (e.g. TNF, IL-6, IL-1, IFN□) which is well known to be involved in chronic inflammation in a wide variety of disease areas. Therefore compounds and compositions provided herein can used to treat chronic inflammation associated with disorders and diseases including but not limited to eye disorders, joint pain, arthritis (rheumatoid, osteo, psoriatic gout), cancers (colon, breast, lung, pancreas, and others), gastrointestinal disorders (ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases), pulmonary disorders (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and asthma), allergies, skin disorders (atopic dermatitis and psoriasis), diabetes, pancreatitis, tendonitis, hepatitis, heart disease, myocarditis, stroke, lupus, and neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's and dementia including Alzheimer's disease.

The compounds and compositions provided herein can be used as inhibitors and/or modulators of the enzyme DYRK1A, and thus can be used to treat a variety of disorders and diseases associated with tau protein, amyloid, alpha-synuclein, TDP-43 or FUS pathology including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), down syndrome, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) including FTD with Parkinsonism-17 (FTDP-17), behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), FTD in patients with motor neuron disease (MND) (typically amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also called FTD-ALS), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) (also called corticobasal ganglionic degeneration), progressive supranuclear palsy, primary progressive aphasia (PPA), globular glial tauopathy (GGT), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) (also called Steinert disease), myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) (also called proximal myotonic myopathy), Guam complex, argyrophilic grain disease, dementia pugilistica, post-encephalitic parkinsonism, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease, Pick's disease, and additional diseases with pronounced neurodegeneration such as autism, dementia, epilepsy, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis; diseases and disorders associated with acquired brain injury such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, tumor, and stroke.

Non-limiting examples of neurological disorders (e.g., neurological conditions and neurological diseases) which can be treated with the compounds and compositions provided herein include Alzheimer's disease, aphasia, apraxia, arachnoiditis, ataxia telangiectasia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, auditory processing disorder, autism, alcoholism, Bell's palsy, bipolar disorder, brachial plexus injury, Canavan disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, causalgia, central pain syndrome, central pontine myelinolysis, centronuclear myopathy, cephalic disorder, cerebral aneurysm, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral atrophy, cerebral gigantism, cerebral palsy, cerebral vasculitis, cervical spinal stenosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Chiari malformation, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), chronic pain, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, compression neuropathy, congenital facial diplegia, corticobasal degeneration, cranial arteritis, craniosynostosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, cumulative trauma disorder, Cushing's syndrome, cytomegalic inclusion body disease (CIBD), Dandy-Walker syndrome, Dawson disease, De Morsier's syndrome, Dejerine-Klumpke palsy, Dejerine-Sottas disease, delayed sleep phase syndrome, dementia, dermatomyositis, developmental dyspraxia, diabetic neuropathy, diffuse sclerosis, Dravet syndrome, dysautonomia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, dyslexia, dystonia, empty sella syndrome, encephalitis, encephalocele, encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, encopresis, epilepsy, Erb's palsy, erythromelalgia, essential tremor, Fabry's disease, Fahr's syndrome, familial spastic paralysis, febrile seizure, Fisher syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia, fibromyalgia, Foville's syndrome, Gaucher's disease, Gerstmann's syndrome, giant cell arteritis, giant cell inclusion disease, globoid cell leukodystrophy, gray matter heterotopia, Guillain-Barre syndrome, HTLV-1 associated myelopathy, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, hemifacial spasm, hereditary spastic paraplegia, heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis, herpes zoster oticus, herpes zoster, Hirayama syndrome, holoprosencephaly, Huntington's disease, hydranencephaly, hydrocephalus, hypercortisolism, hypoxia, immune-mediated encephalomyelitis, inclusion body myositis, incontinentia pigmenti, infantile phytanic acid storage disease, infantile Refsum disease, infantile spasms, inflammatory myopathy, intracranial cyst, intracranial hypertension, Joubert syndrome, Karak syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, Kennedy disease, Kinsbourne syndrome, Klippel Feil syndrome, Krabbe disease, Kugelberg-Welander disease, kuru, Lafora disease, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome, Leigh's disease, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, leukodystrophy, Lewy body dementia, lissencephaly, locked-in syndrome, Lou Gehrig's disease, lumbar disc disease, lumbar spinal stenosis, Lyme disease, Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3), macrencephaly, macropsia, megalencephaly, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Meniere's disease, meningitis, Menkes disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, microcephaly, micropsia, Miller Fisher syndrome, misophonia, mitochondrial myopathy, Mobius syndrome, monomelic amyotrophy, motor neuron disease, motor skills disorder, Moyamoya disease, mucopolysaccharidoses, multi-infarct dementia, multifocal motor neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, muscular dystrophy, myalgic encephalomyelitis, myasthenia gravis, myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis, myoclonic Encephalopathy of infants, myoclonus, myopathy, myotubular myopathy, myotonia congenital, narcolepsy, neurofibromatosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, lupus erythematosus, neuromyotonia, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, Niemann-Pick disease, O'Sullivan-McLeod syndrome, occipital Neuralgia, occult Spinal Dysraphism Sequence, Ohtahara syndrome, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, optic neuritis, orthostatic hypotension, palinopsia, paresthesia, Parkinson's disease, paramyotonia Congenita, paraneoplastic diseases, paroxysmal attacks, Parry-Romberg syndrome, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, periodic paralyses, peripheral neuropathy, photic sneeze reflex, phytanic acid storage disease, Pick's disease, polymicrogyria (PMG), polymyositis, porencephaly, post-polio syndrome, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), postural hypotension, Prader-Willi syndrome, primary lateral sclerosis, prion diseases, progressive hemifacial atrophy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, progressive supranuclear palsy, pseudotumor cerebri, Ramsay Hunt syndrome type I, Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II, Ramsay Hunt syndrome type III, Rasmussen's encephalitis, reflex neurovascular dystrophy, Refsum disease, restless legs syndrome, retrovirus-associated myelopathy, Rett syndrome, Reye's syndrome, rhythmic movement disorder, Romberg syndrome, Saint Vitus dance, Sandhoff disease, schizophrenia, Schilder's disease, schizencephaly, sensory integration dysfunction, septo-optic dysplasia, Shy-Drager syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome, snatiation, Sotos syndrome, spasticity, spina bifida, spinal cord tumors, spinal muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia, Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome, Stiff-person syndrome, stroke, Sturge-Weber syndrome, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, superficial siderosis, Sydenham's chorea, syncope, synesthesia, syringomyelia, tarsal tunnel syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, tardive dysphrenia, Tarlov cyst, Tay-Sachs disease, temporal arteritis, tetanus, tethered spinal cord syndrome, Thomsen disease, thoracic outlet syndrome, tic douloureux, Todd's paralysis, Tourette syndrome, toxic encephalopathy, transient ischemic attack, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, transverse myelitis, tremor, trigeminal neuralgia, tropical spastic paraparesis, trypanosomiasis, tuberous sclerosis, ubisiosis, Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL), Viliuisk Encephalomyelitis (VE), Wallenberg's syndrome, Werdnig, Hoffman disease, west syndrome, Williams syndrome, Wilson's disease, and Zellweger syndrome.

The compounds and compositions may also be useful in the inhibition of the development of invasive cancer, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.

In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method for treating a disease or disorder associated with aberrant cellular proliferation by administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of one or more of the compounds of Formula (I), in combination (simultaneously or sequentially) with at least one other agent.

In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method of treating or ameliorating in a patient a disorder or disease selected from the group consisting of: cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), degenerative disc disease, bone/osteoporotic fractures, bone or cartilage disease, and osteoarthritis, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method of treating or ameliorating in a patient a disorder or disease selected from the group consisting of: chronic inflammation, systemic inflammation, diabetes, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), degenerative disc disease, bone/osteoporotic fractures, a bone or cartilage disease, a neurological condition/disorder/disease, osteoarthritis, lung disease, a fibrotic disorder.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In some embodiments, the method of treats a disorder or disease in which aberrant Wnt signaling is implicated in a patient, the method comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with cancer.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with a joint.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with the knee.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with the hip.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with the shoulder.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with arthritis.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with gastrointestinal disorders.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with pulmonary disorders.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with allergies.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with skin disorders.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with diabetes.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with pancreatitis.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with tendonitis.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with heart disease.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with lupus.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with a neurological disorder.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with multiple sclerosis.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is the pain and inflammation associated with Parkinson's.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is cancer.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is systemic inflammation.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is metastatic melanoma.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is fatty liver disease.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is liver fibrosis.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is tendon regeneration.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is diabetes.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is degenerative disc disease.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is osteoarthritis.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is diabetic retinopathy.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is pulmonary fibrosis.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is degenerative disc disease.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is rheumatoid arthritis.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is scleroderma.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is a mycotic or viral infection.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is a bone or cartilage disease.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is a neurological disorder.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is Alzheimer's disease.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is osteoarthritis.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is lung disease.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is a genetic disease caused by mutations in Wnt signaling components, wherein the genetic disease is selected from: polyposis coli, osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, retinal angiogenesis, early coronary disease, tetra-amelia syndrome, Müllerian-duct regression and virilization, SERKAL syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2, Fuhrmann syndrome, Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild/Schinzel phocomelia syndrome, odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia, obesity, split-hand/foot malformation, caudal duplication syndrome, tooth agenesis, Wilms tumor, skeletal dysplasia, focal dermal hypoplasia, autosomal recessive anonychia, neural tube defects, alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome, fragile X syndrome, ICF syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Norrie disease and Rett syndrome.

In some embodiments, the patient is a human.

In some embodiments, the cancer is chosen from: hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphoma, sarcoma and ovarian cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is chosen from: lung cancer—non-small cell, lung cancer—small cell, multiple myeloma, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, penile cancer, pituitary tumors, prostate cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, skin cancer—basal and squamous cell, skin cancer—melanoma, small intestine cancer, stomach (gastric) cancers, testicular cancer, thymus cancer, thyroid cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer, kidney cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, gestational trophoblastic disease, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, gallbladder cancer, eye cancer (melanoma and lymphoma), Ewing tumor, esophagus cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, brain or spinal cord tumor, bone metastasis, bone cancer, bladder cancer, bile duct cancer, anal cancer and adrenal cortical cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is colon cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is colorectal cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is breast cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

In some embodiments, the cancer is chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

In some embodiments, the cancer is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

In some embodiments, the cancer is acute myeloid leukemia.

In some embodiments, the cancer is acute lymphocytic leukemia.

In some embodiments, the cancer is Hodgkin lymphoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is lymphoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is sarcoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is ovarian cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is lung cancer—non-small cell.

In some embodiments, the cancer is lung cancer—small cell.

In some embodiments, the cancer is multiple myeloma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is nasopharyngeal cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is neuroblastoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is osteosarcoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is penile cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is pituitary tumors.

In some embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is retinoblastoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is rhabdomyosarcoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is salivary gland cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is skin cancer—basal and squamous cell.

In some embodiments, the cancer is skin cancer—melanoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is small intestine cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is stomach (gastric) cancers.

In some embodiments, the cancer is testicular cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is thymus cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is thyroid cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is uterine sarcoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is vaginal cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is vulvar cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is Wilms tumor.

In some embodiments, the cancer is laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is kidney cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is Kaposi sarcoma.

In some embodiments, the cancer is gestational trophoblastic disease.

In some embodiments, the cancer is gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

In some embodiments, the cancer is gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor.

In some embodiments, the cancer is gallbladder cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is eye cancer (melanoma and lymphoma).

In some embodiments, the cancer is Ewing tumor.

In some embodiments, the cancer is esophagus cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is endometrial cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is colorectal cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is cervical cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is brain or spinal cord tumor.

In some embodiments, the cancer is bone metastasis.

In some embodiments, the cancer is bone cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is bladder cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is bile duct cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is anal cancer.

In some embodiments, the cancer is adrenal cortical cancer.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is a neurological condition/disorder/disease, wherein the neurological condition/disorder/disease is selected from: Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementias, dementia with Lewy bodies, prion diseases, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), inclusion body myositis, autism, degenerative myopathies, diabetic neuropathy, other metabolic neuropathies, endocrine neuropathies, orthostatic hypotension, multiple sclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is a neurological condition/disorder/disease associated with tau protein, amyloid, alpha-synuclein pathology, Tar DNA-binding Protein of 43 KDa (TDP-43), Prion protein PrP or fused in sarcoma (FUS).

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is a neurological condition/disorder/disease, wherein the neurological condition/disorder/disease is selected from the group consisting of: Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Down Syndrome, Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism-17 (FTDP-17), Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's Disease, Pick's Disease, and additional diseases with pronounced neurodegeneration such as Autism, Dementia, Epilepsy, Huntington's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis; diseases and disorders associated with acquired brain injury such as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Traumatic Brain Injury, Tumor, and Stroke.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is a fibrotic disorder, wherein the fibrotic disorder is selected from the group consisting of: skin fibrosis; scleroderma; progressive systemic fibrosis; lung fibrosis; muscle fibrosis; kidney fibrosis; glomerulosclerosis; glomerulonephritis; hypertrophic scar formation; uterine fibrosis; renal fibrosis; cirrhosis of the liver, liver fibrosis; adhesions; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; fibrosis following myocardial infarction; pulmonary fibrosis; fibrosis and scarring associated with diffuse/interstitial lung disease; central nervous system fibrosis; fibrosis associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR); restenosis; endometriosis; ischemic disease, and radiation fibrosis.

In some embodiments, the disorder or disease is chronic inflammation associated with eye disorders, joint pain, arthritis (rheumatoid, osteo, psoriatic gout), cancers (colon, breast, lung, pancreas, and others), gastrointestinal disorders (ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases), pulmonary disorders (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and asthma), allergies, skin disorders (atopic dermatitis and psoriasis), diabetes, pancreatitis, tendonitis, hepatitis, heart disease, myocarditis, stroke, lupus, and neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's and dementia including Alzheimer's disease.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) inhibits DYRK1A.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) inhibits GSK3.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) inhibits GSK3β.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) inhibits DYRK1A and GSK3β.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) inhibits one or more proteins in the Wnt pathway.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) inhibits signaling induced by one or more Wnt proteins.

In some embodiments, the Wnt proteins are chosen from: WNT1, WNT2, WNT2B, WNT3, WNT3A, WNT4, WNT5A, WNT5B, WNT6, WNT7A, WNT7B, WNT8A, WNT8B, WNT9A, WNT9B, WNT10A, WNT10B, WNT11, and WNT16.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) inhibits a kinase activity.

In some embodiments, the method treats a disease or disorder mediated by the Wnt pathway in a patient, the method comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound (or compounds) of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) inhibits one or more Wnt proteins.

In some embodiments, the method treats a disease or disorder mediated by kinase activity in a patient, the method comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound (or compounds) of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the disease or disorder comprises tumor growth, cell proliferation, or angiogenesis.

In some embodiments, the method inhibits the activity of a protein kinase receptor, the method comprises contacting the receptor with an effective amount of a compound (or compounds) of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the method treats a disease or disorder associated with aberrant cellular proliferation in a patient; the method comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound (or compounds) of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the method prevents or reduces angiogenesis in a patient; the method comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound (or compounds) of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the method prevents or reduces abnormal cellular proliferation in a patient; the method comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound (or compounds) of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the method treats a disease or disorder associated with aberrant cellular proliferation in a patient, the method comprises administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the compounds of claim 1 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and one or more other agents.

Moreover, the compounds and compositions, for example, as inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), can modulate the level of cellular RNA and DNA synthesis and therefore are expected to be useful in the treatment of viral infections such as HIV, human papilloma virus, herpes virus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, Sindbis virus, pox virus and the like.

Compounds and compositions described herein can inhibit the kinase activity of, for example, CDK/cyclin complexes, such as those active in the G₀ or G₁ stage of the cell cycle, e.g., CDK2, CDK4, and/or CDK6 complexes.

Evaluation of Biological Activity

The biological activity of the compounds described herein can be tested using any suitable assay known to those of skill in the art, see, e.g., WO 2001/053268 and WO 2005/009997. For example, the activity of a compound may be tested using one or more of the test methods outlined below.

In one example, tumor cells may be screened for Wnt independent growth. In such a method, tumor cells of interest are contacted with a compound (i.e. inhibitor) of interest, and the proliferation of the cells, e.g. by uptake of tritiated thymidine, is monitored. In some embodiments, tumor cells may be isolated from a candidate patient who has been screened for the presence of a cancer that is associated with a mutation in the Wnt signaling pathway. Candidate cancers include, without limitation, those listed above.

In another example, one may utilize in vitro assays for Wnt biological activity, e.g. stabilization of β-catenin and promoting growth of stem cells. Assays for biological activity of Wnt include stabilization of β-catenin, which can be measured, for example, by serial dilutions of a candidate inhibitor composition. An exemplary assay for Wnt biological activity contacts a candidate inhibitor with cells containing constitutively active Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The cells are cultured for a period of time sufficient to stabilize β-catenin, usually at least about 1 hour, and lysed. The cell lysate is resolved by SDS PAGE, then transferred to nitrocellulose and probed with antibodies specific for β-catenin.

In a further example, the activity of a candidate compound can be measured in a Xenopus secondary axis bioassay (Leyns, L. et al. Cell (1997), 88(6), 747-756).

In another example, in vitro assays for DYRK1A biological activity may be used, e.g. regulation of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/Tau) phosphorylation in neuronal cell line such as the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Assays for DYRK1A-regulated level of phosphorylation can include monitoring levels of basal pSer396 Tau, which can be measured, for example, by serial dilutions of a candidate inhibitor composition using a ten micromolar top concentration and detected by ELISA or Western Blotting. An exemplary assay for DYRK-1A-regulated phosphorylation uses the SH-SY5Y cells cultured in a 96 well plate format for a period of time sufficient to stabilize microtubules and Tau phosphorylation, usually at least 2 days, then treated with a ⅓ serial dilution of compounds overnight and lysed. The cell lysate is resolved by SDS PAGE, then transferred to nitrocellulose and probed with an antibody specific for pSer396 Tau. The chemiluminescence signal for HRP-linked antibodies used in western blotting is detected using a Carestream Image Station and blot densitometry for pSer396 and beta-actin are analyzed using ImageJ (NIH).

In a further example, the activity of a candidate compound can be measured by ELISA by adding the lysate mentioned above onto total Tau-coated plates and detected with a specific pSer396 antibody. Colorimetric detection of ELISA signal is performed by Cytation3 plate reader (Biotek).

To further illustrate this disclosure, the following examples are included. The examples should not, of course, be construed as specifically limiting the disclosure. Variations of these examples within the scope of the claims are within the purview of one skilled in the art and are considered to fall within the scope of the disclosure as described, and claimed herein. The reader will recognize that the skilled artisan, armed with the present disclosure, and skill in the art is able to prepare and use the disclosure without exhaustive examples.

Examples Compound Preparation

The starting materials used in preparing the compounds of the disclosure are known, made by known methods, or are commercially available. It will be apparent to the skilled artisan that methods for preparing precursors and functionality related to the compounds claimed herein are generally described in the literature. The skilled artisan given the literature and this disclosure is well equipped to prepare any of the compounds.

It is recognized that the skilled artisan in the art of organic chemistry can readily carry out manipulations without further direction, that is, it is well within the scope and practice of the skilled artisan to carry out these manipulations. These include reduction of carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohols, oxidations, acylations, aromatic substitutions, both electrophilic and nucleophilic, etherifications, esterification and saponification and the like. These manipulations are discussed in standard texts such as March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure 7^(th) Ed., John Wiley & Sons (2013), Carey and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry 5^(th) Ed., Springer (2007), Comprehensive Organic Transformations: A Guide to Functional Group Transformations, 2^(nd) Ed., John Wiley & Sons (1999) (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and the like.

The skilled artisan will readily appreciate that certain reactions are best carried out when other functionality is masked or protected in the molecule, thus avoiding any undesirable side reactions and/or increasing the yield of the reaction. Often the skilled artisan utilizes protecting groups to accomplish such increased yields or to avoid the undesired reactions. These reactions are found in the literature and are also well within the scope of the skilled artisan. Examples of many of these manipulations can be found for example in P. Wuts Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 5th Ed., John Wiley & Sons (2014), incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Trademarks used herein are examples only and reflect illustrative materials used at the time of the disclosure. The skilled artisan will recognize that variations in lot, manufacturing processes, and the like, are expected. Hence the examples, and the trademarks used in them are non-limiting, and they are not intended to be limiting, but are merely an illustration of how a skilled artisan may choose to perform one or more of the embodiments of the disclosure.

(¹H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) were measured in the indicated solvents on a Bruker NMR spectrometer (Avance™ DRX300, 300 MHz for ¹H or Avance™ DRX500, 500 MHz for ¹H) or Varian NMR spectrometer (Mercury 400BB, 400 MHz for ¹H). Peak positions are expressed in parts per million (ppm) downfield from tetramethylsilane. The peak multiplicities are denoted as follows, s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; ABq, AB quartet; quin, quintet; sex, sextet; sep, septet; non, nonet; dd, doublet of doublets; ddd, doublet of doublets of doublets; d/ABq, doublet of AB quartet; dt, doublet of triplets; td, triplet of doublets; dq, doublet of quartets; m, multiplet.

The following abbreviations have the indicated meanings:

-   -   brine=saturated aqueous sodium chloride     -   CDCl₃=deuterated chloroform     -   DCE=dichloroethane     -   DCM=dichloromethane     -   DIPEA=N,N-diisopropylethylamine     -   DMA=dimethylacetamide     -   DMAP=4-dimethylaminopyridine     -   DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide     -   DMSO-d₆=deuterated dimethylsulfoxide     -   ESIMS=electron spray mass spectrometry     -   EtOAc=ethyl acetate     -   HATU=1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium         3-oxid hexafluorophosphate     -   HCl=hydrochloric acid     -   HOAc=acetic acid     -   ISCO=Teledyne ISCO, Inc brand CombiFlash® Rf 200     -   KOAc=potassium acetate     -   LC/MS=Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry     -   MeCN=acetonitrile     -   MeOH=methanol     -   MW=microwave irradiation     -   NaBH₃CN=sodium cyanoborohydride     -   NaHCO₃=sodium bicarbonate     -   NMR=nuclear magnetic resonance     -   ON=overnight     -   Pd(dppf)Cl₂=1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-palladium(II)dichloride     -   Pd(PPh₃)₄=tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)     -   r.t.=room temperature     -   TEA=triethylamine     -   THF=tetrahydrofuran     -   TLC=thin layer chromatography

The following example schemes are provided for the guidance of the reader, and collectively represent an example method for making the compounds provided herein. Furthermore, other methods for preparing compounds of the disclosure will be readily apparent to the person of ordinary skill in the art in light of the following reaction schemes and examples. The skilled artisan is thoroughly equipped to prepare these compounds by those methods given the literature and this disclosure. The compound numberings used in the synthetic schemes depicted below are meant for those specific schemes only, and should not be construed as or confused with same numberings in other sections of the application. Unless otherwise indicated, all variables are as defined above.

General Procedures

Compounds of Formula I of the present disclosure can be prepared as depicted in Scheme 1.

Scheme 1 describes a method for preparation of isoquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives (IX) by first coupling the amine with a variety of acids (III) to produce amide IV. The bromo derivative IV is then reacted with bis(pinacolato)diboron to give the pinacol ester (V). Suzuki coupling with a variety of 5-membered heteroaryl bromides (VIII) yields the desired R³ substituted isoquinoline IX. Alternatively, the bromo derivative IV is Suzuki coupled with a variety of 5-membered heteroaryl pinacol esters (VI) or coupled to a variety of 5-membered heteroaryl stannanes (VII) to produce the final R³ substituted isoquinoline IX.

In other embodiments, compounds of Formula I of the present disclosure can be prepared as depicted in Scheme 2.

Scheme 2 describes a method for preparation of isoquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives (IXa) starting with bromo intermediate IV or IVa and couple with the nitrogen of a variety of R³ NH heteroaryls to produce the final R³ substituted isoquinoline IXa.

Illustrative Compound Examples

Preparation of intermediate 6-bromoisoquinolin-1-d-3-amine (XIV) is depicted below in Scheme 3.

Step 1

To a mixture of 1,6-dibromoisoquinolin-3-amine (XIII) (0.5 g, 1.66 mmol), ammonium formate-d₅ (0.56 g, 8.28 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (191.3 mg, 0.170 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was heated to 50° C. for 48 h. The solvents were concentrated and the residue was suspended in chloroform. The solid was collected by filtration and washed with water and EtOAc. The solid were dried under high vacuo to obtain 6-bromo-1-deuterio-isoquinolin-3-amine (XIV) (115 mg, 0.513 mmol, 31.0% yield) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 6.11 (2H, s), 6.55 (1H, s), 7.22 (1H, dd, J=8.78, 1.92 Hz), 7.73 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J=1.92 Hz); ESIMS found for C₉H₆DBrN₂ m/z 224.0 (⁷⁹BrM+H).

Preparation of intermediate 6-bromo-4-chloroisoquinolin-3-amine (XVI) is depicted below in Scheme 4.

Step 1

To a stirred suspension of 6-bromoisoquinolin-3-amine (XV) (1.0 g, 4.48 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) at 0° C. was added 1-chloropyrrolidine-2,5-dione (598.6 mg, 4.48 mmol) portionwise. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 6 h. The reaction mixture was added to water (150 mL), stirred for 1 h and the resulting solids were collected by filtration and air dried overnight to obtain 6-bromo-4-chloro-isoquinolin-3-amine (XVI) (922 mg, 3.58 mmol, 79.9% yield) as a beige solid which was used for next step without purification. ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 6.55 (2H, s), 7.40 (1H, dd, J=8.64, 1.78 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 7.90 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 8.86 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₉H₆BrClN₂ m/z 256.9 (⁷⁹BrM+H).

Preparation of intermediate 6-bromo-4-methylisoquinolin-3-amine (XVIII) is depicted below in Scheme 5.

Step 1

To a stirred suspension of 6-bromoisoquinolin-3-amine (XV) (2 g, 8.97 mmol) in DMF (25.1 mL) at 0° C. was added 1-iodopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (2.02 g, 8.97 mmol) portionwise, The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hr. LC-MS of the mixture showed completion of the reaction and the desired product. The solvent was removed under vacuum, the residue was purified by C18 Silica gel (240 g) [0→100% H₂O/MeCN (0.1% Formic acid)] to produce 6-bromo-4-iodo-isoquinolin-3-amine (XVII) (1.95 g, 5.58 mmol, 62.2% yield) as a brown solid. ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 6.41 (2H, br s), 7.40 (1H, dd, J=8.64, 1.78 Hz), 7.76-7.81 (1H, m), 7.82 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.81 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₉H₆BrIN₂ m/z 348.9 (⁷⁹BrM+H).

Step 2

A stirred solution of 6-bromo-4-iodo-isoquinolin-3-amine (XVII) (1.0 g, 2.87 mmol), 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane (0.72 g, 2.87 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (0.23 g, 0.29 mmol), and K₃PO₄ (5.73 mL, 5.73 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was heated to 90° C. for 3 days. The solvent was removed under high vacuum and the residue was purified by C18 silica gel (240 g) [0→20% H₂O/MeCN (0.1% Formic acid)] to produce 6-bromo-4-methyl-isoquinolin-3-amine (XVIII) (74 mg, 0.312 mmol, 10.9% yield) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.23 (3H, br s), 5.91 (2H, br s), 7.27 (1H, br d, J=2.20 Hz), 7.71-7.82 (1H, m), 7.92 (1H, br s), 8.72 (1H, br s); ESIMS found for C₁₀H₉BrN₂ m/z 239.0 (⁸¹BrM+H).

Preparation of intermediate 6-bromo-7-fluoroisoquinolin-3-amine (XXI) is depicted below in Scheme 6.

Step 1

To a vial was added 2,2-diethoxyacetonitrile (XIX) (1.0 g, 7.74 mmol) dissolved MeOH (7.74 mL) followed by addition of MeONa/MeOH (0.18 mL, 0.77 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. HOAc (44.3 μL, 0.77 mmol) was added until pH=7-8 (using pH strips). (4-Bromo-3-fluoro-phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride (XX) (1.86 g, 7.74 mmol) was added and stirred at 40° C. for 4 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum. Sulfuric acid (12.6 mL, 232.3 mmol) was added and stirred at 40° C. for 16 h. NH₄OH (30.8 mL, 240.0 mmol) was added dropwise at 0° C. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by C18 silica gel (240 g) [0→50% H₂O/MeCN (0.1% Formic acid)] to produce 6-bromo-7-fluoro-isoquinolin-3-amine (XXI) (1.33 g, 5.50 mmol, 71.1% yield) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 6.07 (2H, s), 6.61 (1H, s), 7.76 (1H, d, J=9.33 Hz), 8.01 (1H, d, J=6.86 Hz), 8.80 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₉H₆BrFN₂ m/z 242.9 (⁸¹BrM+H).

Preparation of intermediates 6-bromo-7-chloroisoquinolin-3-amine (XXIII) and 6-bromo-5-chloroisoquinolin-3-amine (XXIV) is depicted below in Scheme 7.

Step 1

To a stirred solution of 2,2-diethoxyacetonitrile (XIX) (0.59 g, 4.57 mmol) in a vial containing MeOH (4.57 mL) was added MeONa (0.1 mL, 0.46 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was stirred at 35° C. for 20 h. HOAc was added (26.1 μL, 0.46 mmol) (checked that the pH is 7-8 using pH strips) followed by (4-bromo-3-chloro-phenyl)methanamine (XXII) (1.01 g, 4.57 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 35° C. for 40 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum. Sulfuric Acid (7.43 mL, 137.0 mmol) was then added and stirred at 35° C. for 16 h. NH₄OH (60.6 mL, 141.6 mmol) was added at 0° C. The reaction was filtered through Celite and purified by C18 silica gel (240 g) [0→30% H₂O/MeCN (0.1% Formic acid)] to produce a 1:1 mixture (by NMR) of 6-bromo-7-chloro-isoquinolin-3-amine (XXIII) and 6-bromo-5-chloroisoquinolin-3-amine (XXIV) (633.7 mg, 2.46 mmol, 53.9% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 6.23 (2H, s), 6.46 (2H, s), 6.57 (1H, s), 6.83 (1H, s), 7.40 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 7.74 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.05 (1H, s), 8.09 (1H, s), 8.81 (1H, s), 8.88 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₉H₆BrClN₂ m/z 256.9 (⁷⁹BrM+H).

Preparation of intermediates 6-bromo-7-methylisoquinolin-3-amine (XXVI) and 6-bromo-5-methylisoquinolin-3-amine (XXVII) is depicted below in Scheme 8.

Step 1

To a stirred solution of 2,2-diethoxyacetonitrile (XIX) (0.33 g, 2.52 mmol) in a vial containing MeOH (2.52 mL) was added MeONa (0.23 mL, 0.25 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was stirred at 22° C. for 20 h. HOAc was added (14.4 μL, 0.25 mmol) (checked that the pH is 7-8 using pH strips) followed by (4-bromo-3-methyl-phenyl)methanamine (XXV) (0.5 g, 2.52 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 40 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum. Sulfuric Acid (4.09 mL, 75.49 mmol) was then added and stirred at 40° C. for 16 h. NH₄OH (33.4 mL, 78 mmol) was added at 0° C. The reaction was filtered through Celite and purified by C18 silica gel (240 g) [0→30% H₂O/MeCN (0.1% Formic acid)] to produce a 1:1 mixture (by NMR) of 6-bromo-7-methylisoquinolin-3-amine (XXVI) and 6-bromo-5-methylisoquinolin-3-amine (XXVII) (378 mg, 1.59 mmol, 63.4% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.40 (3H, s), 2.52 (3H, s), 5.96 (2H, s), 6.12 (1H, s), 6.54 (1H, s), 6.71 (1H, s), 7.27 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 7.73 (1H, s), 7.86 (1H, s), 8.74 (1H, s), 8.79 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₀H₉BrN₂ m/z 237.0 (⁷⁹BrM+H).

Preparation of intermediate 1-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (XXXI) is depicted below in Scheme 9.

Step 1

To a suspension of NaH (0.24 g, 5.99 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) at 0° C. under argon was added ethyl 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (XXXVIII) (0.7 g, 5 mmol). After stirring for 30 min, tert-butyl 4-(p-tolylsulfonyloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (XXIX) (2.13 g, 5.99 mmol) was added and the mixture heated at 80° C. for 1 h. The reaction was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (0→40% EtOAc/Hexanes) to afford tert-butyl 4-(4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (XXX) as a white solid (1.25 g, 3.87 mmol, 77.4% yield). ESIMS found for C₁₆H₂₅N₃O₄ m/z 346.2 (M+Na).

Step 2

To a solution of tert-butyl 4-(4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (XXX) (1.25 g, 3.87 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) and THF (4 mL) was added LiOH (3.87 mL, 15.46 mmol). The reaction stirred at 60° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated and the residue triturated in water. The solution was acidified with 2 N HCl and the resulting solid was filtered to afford 1-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (XXXI) as a white solid (1.04 g, 3.52 mmol, 91.1% yield). ESIMS found for C₁₄H₂₁N₃O₄ m/z 318.1 (M+Na).

Preparation of intermediate 2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (XXXIV) is depicted below in Scheme 10.

Step 1

To a suspension of ethyl 2-(piperidin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxylate (XXXII) (purchased from CombiBlocks) (1.0 g, 4.46 mmol) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.27 g, 5.8 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added TEA (0.93 mL, 6.69 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 16 h before the mixture was poured into saturated NaHCO₃. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (0→5₀% EtOAc/Hexanes) to afford ethyl 2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxylate (XXXIII) as a colorless oil (solidified to a white solid while standing at room temperature) (1.4 g, 4.32 mmol, 96.8% yield). ESIMS found for C₁₆H₂₄N₂O₅ m/z 346.95 (M+Na).

Step 2

To a solution of ethyl 2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxylate (XXXIII) (1.41 g, 4.35 mmol) in MeOH (6 mL) and THF (6 mL) was added LiOH (4.35 mL, 17.39 mmol) and the mixture stirred at 60° C. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated to remove the organic solvents. The residual water was acidified with 2 N HCl and the resulting solid was filtered to afford 2-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (XXXIV) as a white solid (1.1 g, 3.71 mmol, 85.4% yield). ESIMS found for C₁₄H₂₀N₂O₅ m/z 319.0 (M+Na).

Preparation of intermediate 2-(3-(dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (XXXIX) is depicted below in Scheme 11.

Step 1

To a solution of 2-chlorothiazole-5-carboxylic acid (XXXV) (1.0 g, 6.11 mmol), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (3.07 g, 14.06 mmol) in THF (19.8 mL) was added DMAP (0.15 g, 1.22 mmol). The reaction was heated at 60° C. for 1 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by silica gel (40 g) (0→50% EtOAc/hexanes) to produce tert-butyl 2-chlorothiazole-4-carboxylate (XXXVI) as a clear liquid (1.05 g, 4.79 mmol, 78.4% yield). ESIMS found for C₈H₁₀C1NO₂S m/z 220.0 (M+H).

Step 2

To a suspension of tert-butyl 2-chlorothiazole-4-carboxylate (XXXVI) (265 mg, 1.21 mmol) in DMSO (10 mL) was added N,N-dimethylazetidin-3-amine (XXXVII) (313.2 mg, 1.81 mmol) and DIPEA (1.05 mL, 6.03 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 1 day and the mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction was poured into water and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried and evaporated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (0-40% 20% MeOH (7 N NH₃)—CHCl₃/CHCl₃) to afford tert-butyl 2-(3-(dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylate (XXXVIII) as a brown oil (67 mg, 0.24 mmol, 19.6% yield). ESIMS found for C₁₃H₂₁N₃O₂S m/z 284.1 (M+H).

Step 3

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-(dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylate (XXXVIII) (0.2 g, 0.71 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) was added HCl (4 N in dioxane) (1.76 mL, 7.06 mmol). The reaction was heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The white solid was filtered and washed with MTBE, brine and dried to produce 2-(3-(dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (XXXIX) as a white solid (0.45 g, 1.50 mmol, 212% yield). ESIMS found for C₉H₁₃N₃O₂S m/z 228.1 (M+H).

The following intermediates were prepared in accordance with the procedure described in the above Scheme 11.

2-(3-(Dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl)oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (XL): White solid, (543.9 mg, 1.91 mmol, 90.1% yield). ESIMS found C₉H₁₃N₃O₃ m/z 212.0 (M+H).

Preparation of intermediate 1-(methyl-d₃)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (XLII) is depicted below in Scheme 12.

Step 1

To a stirred suspension of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (XLI) (1.435 g, 7.4 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (2.89 g, 8.87 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added trideuterio(iodo)methane (0.51 mL, 8.13 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrates were concentrated and dried under high vacuo to obtain 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-(trideuteriomethyl)pyrazole (XLII) (3.9 g, 18.48 mmol, 249.8% yield) as a white solid which was used for next step without purification. ESIMS found for C₁₀H₁₄[²H₃]BN₂O₂ m/z 212. (M+1).

Example 1

Preparation of N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (2), 1-(1-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (8), 1-(1-cyclopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (9), and isopropyl 4-(4-((6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (10) is depicted below in Scheme 13.

Step 1

In a sealed tube, 6-bromoisoquinolin-3-amine (XV) (10.0 g, 45.01 mmol) was added to 1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (XLIII) (10.58 g, 50.85 mmol), 12 M aqueous solution of K₃PO₄ (9.52 mL, 114.95 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (1.95 g, 2.39 mmol) in dioxane (240 mL) and water (59.4 mL). This mixture was degassed with Argon, sealed and heated to 90° C. for 16 h. The mixture was poured into water (500 mL), the solid was filtered and rinsed with MeOH to yield 6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine (XLIV) (5.69 g, 25.37 mmol, 56.4% yield). The product was used for the next step without further purification. ESIMS found for C₁₃H₁₂N₄ m/z 225.0 (M+H).

Step 2

To a suspension of 6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine (XLIV) (0.4 g, 1.78 mmol), 1-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (XXXI) (0.58 g, 1.96 mmol), DMAP (0.22 g, 1.78 mmol) and HATU (0.81 g, 2.14 mmol) in DMF (9 mL) was added DIPEA (1.24 mL, 7.13 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred 80° C. for 3 h. An additional 1.2 equiv. of HATU was added and the reaction mixture stirred at 80° C. for another 16 h. The mixture was poured into water and the solid precipitate filtered. The filtrate was extracted with EtOAc (2×) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (0→100% EtOAc/Hexanes) to afford tert-butyl 4-[4-[[6-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-3-isoquinolyl]carbamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (XLV) as a reddish brown solid (0.70 g, 1.40 mmol, 78.2% yield). ESIMS found for C₂₇H₃₁N₇O₃ m/z 502.25 (M+H).

Step 3

To a suspension of tert-butyl 4-[4-[[6-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-3-isoquinolyl]carbamoyl]pyrazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (XLV) (700 mg, 1.4 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added HCl (4 M in dioxane) (4.54 mL, 18.14 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at 60° C. for 2 h and then concentrated under vacuum. The HCl salt was neutralized with 7 N NH₃/MeOH and the crude product absorbed onto Celite and purified by silica gel chromatography (0→15% 7 N NH₃-MeOH/CHCl₃). The fractions containing the product were concentrated and residue triturated in ether. The resulting solid was filtered to afford N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 2 as a white solid (370.0 mg, 0.876 mmol, 62.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.79 (2H, qd, J=11.98, 3.84 Hz), 2.01 (2H, br dd, J=11.80, 2.20 Hz), 2.63 (2H, td, J=12.28, 2.06 Hz), 3.04-3.09 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.22-4.31 (1H, m), 7.77 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 8.59 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.49 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₃N₇O m/z 402.2 (M+1).

Step 4

To a suspension of N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 2 (148 mg, 0.37 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (180.2 mg, 0.55 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added 2-iodopropane (0.05 mL, 0.48 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 2 h and the mixture diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (0→6% 7 N NH₃-MeOH/CHCl₃). The fractions containing the products were concentrated and the residue triturated in ether to afford 1-(1-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 8 as a yellow solid (75.0 mg, 0.169 mmol, 45.9% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.99 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 1.89 (2H, qd, J=11.89, 3.84 Hz), 2.03-2.10 (2H, m), 2.24-2.31 (2H, m), 2.75 (1H, spt, J=6.54 Hz), 2.88 (2H, br d, J=11.80 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.15 (1H, tt, J=11.42, 4.22 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.47 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₅H₂₉N₇O m/z 444.2 (M+1); and isopropyl 4-(4-((6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate 10 as a white solid (20.0 mg, 0.041 mmol, 11.1% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.21 (6H, d, J=6.04 Hz), 1.80 (2H, qd, J=12.08, 4.39 Hz), 2.08 (2H, br dd, J=12.35, 2.20 Hz), 2.99 (2H, br s), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.03-4.13 (2H, m), 4.44 (1H, tt, J=11.29, 3.95 Hz), 4.80 (1H, spt, J=6.22 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, s), 8.19 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.53 (1H, s), 8.62 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.48 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₆H₂₉N₇O₃ m/z 488.2 (M+1).

Step 5

A solution of N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 2 (100 mg, 0.25 mmol), (1-ethoxycyclopropoxy)trimethylsilane (XLVI) (0.25 mL, 1.25 mmol) and HOAc (0.04 mL, 0.75 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. To the mixture was added with NaCNBH₃ (78.2 mg, 1.25 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 3 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by chromatography (0→10% 7N NH₃-MeOH/CHCl₃). The fractions containing the product were concentrated, the residue triturated in ether and the solid filtered and dried to give 1-(1-cyclopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 9 as a white solid (32.0 mg, 0.069 mmol, 27.6% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.29-0.36 (2H, m), 0.40-0.48 (2H, m), 1.66 (1H, tt, J=6.62, 3.53 Hz), 1.87 (2H, qd, J=11.98, 3.84 Hz), 2.01-2.08 (2H, m), 2.35 (2H, td, J=11.80, 1.92 Hz), 3.02 (2H, br d, J=11.80 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.21 (1H, tt, J=11.32, 4.05 Hz), 7.76 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.07 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.53 (1H, s), 8.59 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.46 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₅H₂₇N₇O m/z 442.0 (M+1).

Example 2

Preparation of N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide (47) is depicted below in Scheme 14.

Step 1

A mixture of 6-bromoisoquinolin-3-amine (XV) (2.57 g, 11.52 mmol), 1-methyl-5-(tributylstannyl)-1H-imidazole (XLVII) (Purchased from Combi-blocks) (4.28 g, 11.53 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (1.39 g, 1.2 mmol) in dioxane (57.6 mL) was purged with N₂ gas for 10 min and then heated to 90° C. overnight. The solvent was evaporated under high vacuum and the residue was purified by column chromatography (0→10% MeOH/CHCl₃) to give 6-(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine (XLVIII) as an olive green solid (2.32 g, 9.83 mmol, 85.3% yield). ESIMS found for C₁₃H₁₂N₄ m/z 225.1 (M+H).

Step 2

To a suspension of 6-(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-amine (XLVIII) (100 mg, 0.45 mmol), 2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)acetic acid (XLIX (purchased from Enamine) (75 mg, 0.54 mmol), DMAP (27.2 mg, 0.22 mmol) and HATU (203.5 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIPEA (0.19 mL, 1.1 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into water. The resulting solid was filtered and purified by silica gel chromatography (0→10% MeOH/CHCl₃). The fractions containing the product were concentrated. The product was further purified by HPLC (0→35% MeCN/water) and the fractions containing the product concentrated, re-dissolved in MeOH and filtered through bicarbonate resin. The filtrate was concentrated and triturated in ether, filtered and dried under high vacuo to afford N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide 47 as a white solid (20.0 mg, 0.058 mmol, 12.9% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 3.59 (2H, s), 3.79 (3H, s), 3.82 (3H, s), 7.30 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 7.36 (1H, s), 7.61 (1H, s), 7.67 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.79 (1H, s), 7.99 (1H, s), 8.09 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.50 (1H, s), 9.13 (1H, s), 10.66 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₉H₁₈N₆O m/z 347.2 (M+1).

Example 3

Preparation of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(6-(2-methyloxazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)acetamide (64) is depicted below in Scheme 15.

Step 1

To a suspension of 6-bromoisoquinolin-3-amine (XV) (10 g, 44.83 mmol) and 2-chloroacetic anhydride (L) (9.2 g, 53.79 mmol) in dry THF (100 mL) was added TEA (15.62 mL, 112.07 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h then poured into a mixture of aqueous saturated NaHCO₃ (200 mL) and water (300 mL). The mixture was stirred for an hour and the resulting solids were collected by filtration, air-dried and suspended in diethyl ether (400 mL), stirred for 30 min. The solid filtered and dried under high vacuo to obtain N-(6-bromoisoquinolin-3-yl)-2-chloroacetamide (LI) as a brown solid (9.36 g, 31.25 mmol, 69.7% yield). ESIMS found for C₁₁H₈BrClN₂O m/z 298.95 (M+1).

Step 2

A mixture of N-(6-bromoisoquinolin-3-yl)-2-chloroacetamide (LI) (0.15 g, 0.481 mmol, 96.0% yield), imidazole (LII) (0.1 mL, 1.5 mmol), and DIPEA (0.17 mL, 1 mmol) in MeCN (2 mL) was heated at 110° C. for 30 min under microwave irradiation. The reaction concentrated under vacuum to give N-(6-bromoisoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetamide (LIII) (165.3 mg, 0.50 mmol). The reaction mixture was used for next reaction without further purification. ESIMS found for C₁₄H_(1l)BrN₄O m/z 331.0 (M+H).

Step 3

To a mixture of N-(6-bromoisoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetamide (LIII) (172 mg, 0.50 mmol), 2-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)oxazole (LIV) (130.7 mg, 0.63 mmol), and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (40.8 mg, 0.05 mmol) in MeCN (1 mL) was added 2 M aqueous solution of K₂CO₃ (0.63 mL, 1.25 mmol). The reaction was purged with N₂ gas for 10 min and then was heated at 90° C. for 0.5 h. The organic layer was carefully separated, absorbed on silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (0→60% CHCl₃/10% 7 N NH₃ in MeOH). The pure fractions were combined, concentrated, the residue suspended in EtOAc, sonicated and the solids were collected by filtration. The solid was dried under high vacuo to obtain 2-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)-N-(6-(2-methyloxazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)acetamide 64 as a pale yellow solid (71.0 mg, 0.213 mmol, 42.6% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.53 (3H, s), 5.02 (2H, s), 6.91 (1H, t, J=0.96 Hz), 7.20 (1H, t, J=1.23 Hz), 7.67 (1H, s), 7.79 (1H, s), 7.84 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.11 (1H, br s), 8.12 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.45 (1H, s), 9.15 (1H, s), 10.97 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₈H₁₅N₅O₂ m/z 334.1 (M+1).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance with the procedures described in the above Examples 1-3.

1-Isopropyl-N-(6-(1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 1.

White solid (73.0 mg, 0.165 mmol, 59.1% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.46 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 1.94-2.13 (6H, m), 2.22 (3H, s), 2.87 (2H, br d, J=11.25 Hz), 4.10-4.20 (1H, m), 4.55 (1H, spt, J=6.63 Hz), 7.80 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.48 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₅H₂₉N₇O m/z 444.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-(Methyl-d₃)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 3.

White solid (133.0 mg, 0.329 mmol, 85.1% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.77 (2H, qd, J=11.98, 3.84 Hz), 2.00 (2H, br dd, J=11.66, 2.06 Hz), 2.24 (1H, br s), 2.60 (2H, td, J=12.21, 2.20 Hz), 3.01-3.09 (2H, m), 4.24 (1H, tt, J=11.56, 4.08 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 8.16 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.49 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₀[²H₃]N₇O m/z 405.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 4.

White solid (184.0 mg, 0.421 mmol, 84.4% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.87-2.00 (2H, m), 2.00-2.12 (4H, m), 2.21 (3H, s), 2.86 (2H, br d, J=11.80 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.17 (1H, tt, J=11.11, 4.25 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, s), 8.18 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.49 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₃H₂₅N₇O m/z 416.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-(Methyl-d₃)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 5.

White solid (95.0 mg, 0.229 mmol, 74.8% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.89-2.00 (2H, m), 2.00-2.11 (4H, m), 2.21 (3H, s), 2.86 (2H, br d, J=11.80 Hz), 4.17 (1H, tt, J=11.11, 4.25 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 8.18 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 8.54 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.49 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₃H₂₂[²H₃]N₇O m/z 419.2 (M+1).

1-(1-Ethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 6.

White solid (34.0 mg, 0.075 mmol, 32.9% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.04 (3H, br t, J=7.00 Hz), 1.90-2.01 (2H, m), 2.03-2.15 (4H, m), 2.40 (2H, br s), 2.98 (2H, br s), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.14-4.26 (1H, m), 7.77 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, s), 8.18 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.47 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₄H₂₇N₇O m/z 430.0 (M+1).

1-(1-(2-Fluoroethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 7.

White solid (59.0 mg, 0.132 mmol, 57.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.89-2.01 (2H, m), 2.02-2.09 (2H, m), 2.19-2.28 (2H, m), 2.68 (2H, dt, J=28.30, 5.00 Hz), 2.99 (2H, br d, J=11.80 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.20 (1H, tt, J=11.32, 4.19 Hz), 4.56 (2H, td, J=47.90, 5.00 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, s), 8.18 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.47 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₄H₂₆FN₇O m/z 448.0 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide 11.

Beige solid (345.0 mg, 0.857 mmol, 93.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.83-1.95 (2H, m), 2.08 (2H, br dd, J=11.11, 1.78 Hz), 2.60-2.68 (2H, m), 3.05-3.12 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.61-4.71 (1H, m), 7.80 (1H, dd, J=8.64, 1.51 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.14 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, s), 8.94 (1H, s), 9.10 (1H, s), 9.98 (1H, br s); ESIMS found for C₂₁H₂₂N₈O m/z 402.95 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide 12.

White solid (140.0 mg, 0.319 mmol, 85.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.05-2.17 (6H, m), 2.23 (3H, s), 2.85-2.90 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.54-4.64 (1H, m), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.38 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, s), 8.97 (1H, s), 9.10 (1H, s), 9.97 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₄N₈O m/z 417.0 (M+1).

1-(1-(2-Fluoroethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide 13.

White solid (42.0 mg, 0.094 mmol, 75.4% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.02-2.12 (2H, m), 2.12-2.18 (2H, m), 2.24-2.32 (2H, m), 2.69 (2H, dt, J=28.60, 4.70 Hz), 2.98-3.06 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.48-4.67 (3H, m), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.64, 1.51 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, s), 8.99 (1H, s), 9.10 (1H, s), 10.01 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₃H₂₅FN₈O m/z 449.2 (M+1).

1-(1-Isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide 14.

White solid (163.0 mg, 0.348 mmol, 82.5% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.01 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 1.97-2.07 (2H, m), 2.12-2.19 (2H, m), 2.29-2.36 (2H, m), 2.73-2.82 (1H, m), 2.87-2.96 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.52-4.61 (1H, m), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.14 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, s), 8.96 (1H, s), 9.10 (1H, s), 9.96 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₄H₂₈N₈O m/z 445.0 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)oxazole-5-carboxamide 15.

Yellow solid (37.0 mg, 0.084 mmol, 24.3% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.23 (3H, s), 2.39-2.45 (4H, m), 3.56-3.63 (4H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.78 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.91 (1H, s), 8.04 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.38 (1H, s), 8.46 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.57 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₃N₇O₂ m/z 418.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-(Methyl-d₃)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(piperidin-4-yl) oxazole-4-carboxamide 16.

White solid (209.0 mg, 0.516 mmol, 89.9% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.64-1.75 (2H, m), 2.00 (2H, br dd, J=12.90, 2.74 Hz), 2.65-2.72 (2H, m), 3.02-3.10 (3H, m), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, s), 8.85 (1H, s), 9.09 (1H, s), 9.72 (1H, br s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₁₉[²H₃]N₆O₂ m/z 406.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-(Methyl-d₃)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 17.

White solid (154.0 mg, 0.367 mmol, 73.3% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.73-1.84 (2H, m), 1.98-2.07 (4H, m), 2.19 (3H, s), 2.78 (2H, br d, J=11.25 Hz), 2.88 (1H, tt, J=11.22, 3.74 Hz), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.64, 1.51 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.38 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, s), 8.85 (1H, s), 9.09 (1H, s), 9.70 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₃H₂₁[²H₃]N₆O₂ m/z 420.2 (M+1).

2-(3-(Dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 18.

Off-white solid (17.6 mg, 0.042 mmol, 9.5% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.12 (6H, s), 3.22-3.30 (1H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 3.96 (2H, dd, J=8.37, 5.35 Hz), 4.16 (2H, t, J=7.68 Hz), 7.80 (1H, dd, J=8.64, 1.51 Hz), 8.05 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.11 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 8.14 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.48 (1H, s), 9.07 (1H, s), 9.43 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₃N₇O₂ m/z 418.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(piperidin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 19.

White solid (818.0 mg, 2.033 mmol, 92.9% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.58-1.69 (2H, m), 1.95 (2H, br dd, J=12.76, 2.61 Hz), 2.59 (2H, td, J=11.87, 2.33 Hz), 2.95-3.04 (3H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, s), 8.84 (1H, s), 9.09 (1H, s), 9.70 (1H, br s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₂N₆O₂ m/z 403.0 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 20.

White solid (83.0 mg, 0.189 mmol, 63.5% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.72-1.85 (2H, m), 1.98-2.07 (4H, m), 2.19 (3H, s), 2.79 (2H, br d, J=11.53 Hz), 2.88 (1H, tt, J=11.25, 3.57 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, s), 8.85 (1H, s), 9.09 (1H, s), 9.71 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₃H₂₄N₆O₂ m/z 416.95 (M+1).

2-(1-(2-Fluoroethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 21.

Beige solid (31.0 mg, 0.069 mmol, 27.8% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.73-1.85 (2H, m), 2.01-2.08 (2H, m), 2.16-2.25 (2H, m), 2.65 (2H, dt, J=28.60, 5.00 Hz), 2.88-2.97 (3H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.55 (2H, dt, J=47.90, 5.00 Hz), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, s), 8.85 (1H, s), 9.09 (1H, s), 9.71 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₄H₂₅FN₆O₂ m/z 449.2 (M+1).

2-(1-Isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 22.

White solid (144.0 mg, 0.308 mmol, 82.6% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.98 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 1.72 (2H, qd, J=11.76, 3.43 Hz), 2.00-2.08 (2H, m), 2.25 (2H, td, J=11.25, 1.92 Hz), 2.66-2.77 (1H, m), 2.78-2.85 (2H, m), 2.85-2.92 (1H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, s), 8.84 (1H, s), 9.09 (1H, s), 9.70 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₅H₂₈N₆O₂ m/z 445.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 23.

Off-white solid (40.0 mg, 0.096 mmol, 28.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.23 (3H, s), 2.39-2.45 (4H, m), 3.47-3.54 (4H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 7.80 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 8.05 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.14 (1H, s), 8.38 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.49 (1H, s), 9.07 (1H, s), 9.45 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₃N₇O₂ m/z 418.2 (M+1).

2-(3-(Dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)thiazole-5-carboxamide 24.

White solid (12.1 mg, 0.028 mmol, 6.3% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.13 (6H, s), 3.88-3.95 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.11 (2H, t, J=7.96 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.07 (1H, s), 8.09 (1H, s), 8.33 (1H, s), 8.36 (1H, s), 8.44 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.76 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₃N₇OS m/z 434.1 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(piperidin-4-yl) thiazole-4-carboxamide 25.

White solid (880.0 mg, 2.103 mmol, 72.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.63 (2H, qd, J=11.98, 3.84 Hz), 2.00-2.06 (2H, m), 2.24 (1H, br s), 2.62 (2H, td, J=12.08, 1.92 Hz), 2.99-3.08 (2H, m), 3.18 (1H, tt, J=11.66, 3.84 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 8.07 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.46 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 9.09 (1H, s), 9.88 (1H, br s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₂N₆OS m/z 419.1 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)thiazole-4-carboxamide 26.

Off-white solid (17.8 mg, 0.041 mmol, 4.6% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.23 (3H, s), 2.41-2.47 (4H, m), 3.49-3.55 (4H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.76 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.07 (1H, s), 8.09 (1H, s), 8.35 (1H, s), 8.36 (1H, s), 8.44 (1H, s), 9.08 (1H, s), 10.75 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₃N₇OS m/z 434.2 (M+1).

2-(1-(2-Fluoroethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxamide 27.

Beige solid (25.0 mg, 0.049 mmol, 20.5% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.79 (2H, qd, J=11.98, 3.57 Hz), 2.08-2.15 (2H, m), 2.21 (2H, br t, J=11.53 Hz), 2.67 (2H, dt, J=28.30, 5.00 Hz), 2.99 (2H, br d, J=11.53 Hz), 3.10 (1H, tt, J=11.46, 3.77 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.56 (2H, dt, J=48.10, 5.00 Hz), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.07 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.16 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.47 (1H, s), 8.55 (1H, s), 9.10 (1H, s), 9.90 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₄H₂₅FN₆OS m/z 511.2 (M+1+formic acid).

2-Methyl-N-(6-(1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)thiazole-5-carboxamide 28.

Beige solid (33.0 mg, 0.076 mmol, 53.1% yield). ¹HNMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.97-2.11 (6H, m), 2.22 (3H, s), 2.71 (3H, s), 2.88 (2H, br d, J=11.25 Hz), 4.12-4.20 (1H, m), 7.83 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.13 (1H, s), 8.13 (1H, br s), 8.49 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, s), 8.68 (1H, s), 9.11 (1H, s), 11.14 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₃H₂₄N₆OS m/z 433.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 29.

Beige solid (47.0 mg, 0.117 mmol, 39.1% yield). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.71-1.84 (2H, m), 2.00 (2H, br dd, J=11.66, 2.06 Hz), 2.59 (2H, td, J=12.28, 2.33 Hz), 3.01-3.08 (2H, m), 4.15 (3H, s), 4.24 (1H, tt, J=11.56, 4.08 Hz), 8.03 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.17 (1H, s), 8.33 (1H, s), 8.61 (2H, s), 8.75 (1H, s), 9.17 (1H, s), 10.57 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₁H₂₂N₈O m/z 403.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 30.

Beige solid (30.0 mg, 0.072 mmol, 69.0% yield). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.93-1.99 (2H, m), 2.02-2.11 (4H, m), 2.21 (3H, s), 2.86 (2H, br d, J=11.53 Hz), 4.15 (3H, s), 4.15-4.22 (1H, m), 8.03 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.19 (1H, s), 8.33 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 8.62 (1H, s), 8.75 (1H, s), 9.17 (1H, s), 10.57 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₄N₈O m/z 417.2 (M+1).

1-(1-Ethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 31.

Beige solid (39.0 mg, 0.086 mmol, 26.6% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.02 (3H, t, J=7.14 Hz), 1.89-1.98 (2H, m), 2.01-2.11 (4H, m), 2.37 (2H, q, J=7.32 Hz), 2.96 (2H, br d, J=11.53 Hz), 4.15 (3H, s), 4.16-4.23 (1H, m), 8.03 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.19 (1H, s), 8.32 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 8.62 (1H, s), 8.75 (1H, s), 9.17 (1H, s), 10.56 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₃H₂₆N₈O m/z 431.2 (M+1).

1-(1-Isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 32.

Beige solid (67.0 mg, 0.0151 mmol, 55.1% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.99 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 1.89 (2H, qd, J=11.89, 3.84 Hz), 2.07 (2H, br dd, J=12.08, 1.92 Hz), 2.24-2.32 (2H, m), 2.75 (1H, spt, J=6.54 Hz), 2.88 (2H, br d, J=11.80 Hz), 4.10-4.20 (1H, m), 4.15 (3H, s), 8.03 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.18 (1H, s), 8.32 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 8.75 (1H, s), 9.17 (1H, s), 10.55 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₄H₂₈N₈O m/z 445.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide 33.

Beige solid (300.0 mg, 0.744 mmol, 69.3% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.88 (2H, qd, J=11.94, 3.98 Hz), 2.08 (2H, br dd, J=11.53, 1.92 Hz), 2.17 (1H, br s), 2.56-2.68 (2H, m), 3.07 (2H, br d, J=12.62 Hz), 4.15 (3H, s), 4.65 (1H, tt, J=11.70, 4.08 Hz), 8.08 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.40 (1H, s), 8.59 (1H, s), 8.77 (1H, s), 8.97 (1H, s), 9.19 (1H, s), 10.11 (1H, br s); ESIMS found for C₂₀H₂₁N₉O m/z 404.2 (M+1).

1-(1-(2-Fluoroethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide 34.

White solid (34.0 mg, 0.076 mmol, 29.8% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.02-2.11 (2H, m), 2.12-2.17 (2H, m), 2.28 (2H, td, J=11.66, 1.92 Hz), 2.69 (2H, dt, J=28.60, 5.00 Hz), 3.02 (2H, br d, J=11.80 Hz), 4.15 (3H, s), 4.57 (2H, dt, J=47.90, 5.00 Hz), 4.58-4.67 (1H, m), 8.08 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.40 (1H, s), 8.59 (1H, s), 8.76 (1H, s), 9.00 (1H, s), 9.19 (1H, s), 10.09 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₄FN₉O m/z 450.2 (M+1).

1-(1-Isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide 35.

Beige solid (88.0 mg, 0.188 mmol, 75.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.01 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 2.01 (2H, qd, J=11.80, 3.57 Hz), 2.16 (2H, br d, J=10.70 Hz), 2.34 (2H, br t, J=11.25 Hz), 2.79 (1H, dt, J=12.97, 6.55 Hz), 2.93 (2H, br d, J=11.80 Hz), 4.15 (3H, s), 4.57 (1H, tt, J=11.46, 4.19 Hz), 8.08 (1H, dd, J=8.64, 1.51 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.40 (1H, s), 8.59 (1H, s), 8.76 (1H, s), 8.98 (1H, s), 9.19 (1H, s), 10.09 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₃H₂₇N₉O m/z 446.25 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(piperidin-4-yl) oxazole-4-carboxamide 36.

Beige solid (280.0 mg, 0.694 mmol, 54.6% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.64 (2H, qd, J=11.89, 3.84 Hz), 1.96 (2H, br dd, J=12.62, 2.74 Hz), 2.60 (2H, td, J=11.87, 2.33 Hz), 2.95-3.05 (3H, m), 4.15 (3H, s), 8.08 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.58 (1H, s), 8.77 (1H, s), 8.85 (1H, s), 9.18 (1H, s), 9.77 (1H, br s); ESIMS found for C₂₁H₂₁N₇O₂ m/z 404.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 37.

White solid (194.0 mg, 0.465 mmol, 75.0% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.73-1.84 (2H, m), 1.99-2.07 (4H, m), 2.19 (3H, s), 2.79 (2H, br d, J=11.53 Hz), 2.88 (1H, tt, J=11.22, 3.74 Hz), 4.15 (3H, s), 8.08 (1H, dd, J=8.37, 1.51 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.57 (1H, s), 8.76 (1H, s), 8.86 (1H, s), 9.18 (1H, s), 9.77 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₃N₇O₂ m/z 418.2 (M+1).

2-(1-Isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 38.

Beige solid (55.0 mg, 0.124 mmol, 62.3% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.98 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 1.69-1.79 (2H, m), 2.01-2.09 (2H, m), 2.26 (2H, td, J=11.25, 2.20 Hz), 2.66-2.76 (1H, m), 2.79-2.85 (2H, m), 2.86-2.92 (1H, m), 4.15 (3H, s), 8.08 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.57 (1H, s), 8.76 (1H, s), 8.85 (1H, s), 9.18 (1H, s), 9.76 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₄H₂₇N₇O₂ m/z 446.2 (M+1).

2-(1-Isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxamide 39.

Beige solid (29.0 mg, 0.060 mmol, 26.4% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.99 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 1.73 (2H, qd, J=11.98, 3.57 Hz), 2.07-2.15 (2H, m), 2.27 (2H, td, J=11.46, 2.06 Hz), 2.73 (1H, quin, J=6.59 Hz), 2.84-2.92 (2H, m), 3.06 (1H, tt, J=11.66, 3.98 Hz), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.07 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.39 (1H, s), 8.46 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 9.09 (1H, s), 9.89 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₅H₂₈N₆OS m/z 461.2 (M+1).

1-Methyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 40.

Off-white solid (24.0 mg, 0.072 mmol, 32.4% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 3.84 (3H, s), 3.90 (3H, s), 7.32 (1H, s), 7.69 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 8.04 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.18 (1H, s), 8.47 (1H, s), 8.63 (1H, s), 9.18 (1H, s), 10.59 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₈H₁₆N₆O m/z 333.1 (M+1).

1-Ethyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 41.

Off-white solid (55.0 mg, 0.159 mmol, 35.6% yield). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.41 (3H, t, J=7.27 Hz), 3.84 (3H, s), 4.19 (2H, q, J=7.41 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 7.69 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 8.04 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.19 (1H, s), 8.54 (1H, s), 8.63 (1H, s), 9.18 (1H, s), 10.58 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₉H₁₈N₆O m/z 347.15 (M+1).

1-Isopropyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 42.

Off-white solid (25.0 mg, 0.069 mmol, 31.1% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.47 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.53 (1H, spt, J=6.68 Hz), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.96 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.10-8.16 (2H, m), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.16 (1H, s), 9.62 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₀H₂₀N₆O m/z 361.2 (M+1).

1-Isopropyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl-1-d)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 43.

Dark brown solid (35.0 mg, 0.097 mmol, 67.1% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.46 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 3.84 (3H, s), 4.55 (1H, spt, J=6.72 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 7.69 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 8.04 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.16 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, s), 8.63 (1H, s), 10.55 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₀H₁₉[²H]N₆O m/z 362.2 (M+1).

1-Cyclopropyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 44.

Off-white solid (72.0 mg, 0.201 mmol, 45.1% yield). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.99-1.05 (2H, m), 1.06-1.11 (2H, m), 3.79-3.83 (1H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 7.32 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 7.69 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 8.03 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.13 (1H, d, J=0.55 Hz), 8.60 (1H, s), 8.62 (1H, s), 9.18 (1H, s), 10.56 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₀H₁₈N₆O m/z 359.2 (M+1).

1-Isobutyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 45.

Off-white solid (73.0 mg, 0.195 mmol, 43.7% yield). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.87 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 2.07-2.21 (1H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 3.98 (2H, d, J=7.14 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 7.69 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 8.04 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.20 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, s), 8.63 (1H, s), 9.18 (1H, s), 10.60 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₁H₂₂N₆O m/z 375.2 (M+1).

1-Methyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide 46.

Off-white solid (45.0 mg, 0.135 mmol, 60.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 3.85 (3H, s), 3.99 (3H, s), 6.89 (1H, d, J=2.20 Hz), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.72 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.92 Hz), 7.81 (1H, s), 7.91 (1H, d, J=2.20 Hz), 8.09 (1H, s), 8.13 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.60 (1H, s), 9.17 (1H, s), 9.64 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₈H₁₆N₆O m/z 333.1 (M+1).

1-Methyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide 48.

Off-white solid (10.5 mg, 0.032 mmol, 14.2% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 3.76 (3H, s), 3.85 (3H, s), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.82 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 8.07 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.16 (1H, s), 9.59 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₈H₁₆N₆O m/z 333.1 (M+1).

1-Isopropyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide 49.

Off-white solid (11.8 mg, 0.033 mmol, 14.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.46 (6H, d, J=6.86 Hz), 3.84 (3H, s), 4.55 (1H, spt, J=6.63 Hz), 7.32 (1H, s), 7.69 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.37 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 8.04 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.16 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, s), 8.63 (1H, s), 9.18 (1H, s), 10.55 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₀H₂₀N₆O m/z 361.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide 50.

Off-white solid (18.0 mg, 0.045 mmol, 20.1% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.94-2.06 (4H, m), 3.39-3.51 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.94-4.03 (2H, m), 4.37-4.49 (1H, m), 7.33 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 7.70 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 8.00 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.13 (1H, d, J=1.37 Hz), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.16 (1H, s), 9.62 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₂N₆O₂ m/z 403.2 (M+1).

1,2-Dimethyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide 51.

Off-white solid (26.5 mg, 0.077 mmol, 34.3% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.36 (3H, s), 3.83 (3H, s), 3.85 (3H, s), 7.32 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 7.70 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.95 (1H, s), 8.06 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.18 (1H, s), 10.64 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₉H₁₈N₆O m/z 347.15 (M+1).

1-Methyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide 52.

Off-white solid (50.9 mg, 0.153 mmol, 68.5% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 3.86 (3H, s), 4.01 (3H, s), 7.34 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 7.71-7.77 (1H, m), 7.81 (1H, s), 8.11-8.18 (2H, m), 8.63 (1H, s), 8.73 (1H, s), 9.20 (1H, s), 9.87 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₇H₁₅N₇O m/z 334.1 (M+1).

53

2-Methyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 53.

Off-white solid (72.0 mg, 0.216 mmol, 48.4% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.53 (3H, s), 3.91 (3H, s), 7.81 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.05 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.38 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, s), 8.80 (1H, s), 9.09 (1H, s), 9.71 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₈H₁₅N₅O₂ m/z 334.1 (M+1).

2-Isopropyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 54.

Beige solid (100.0 mg, 0.277 mmol, 62.1% yield). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.35 (6H, d, J=6.86 Hz), 3.13-3.24 (1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.74 (1H, br d, J=7.96 Hz), 7.81 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.60 (1H, s), 8.84 (1H, s), 9.19 (1H, s), 9.76 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₀H₁₉N₅O₂ m/z 362.2 (M+1).

4-Methyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)oxazole-2-carboxamide 55.

Off-white solid (50.3 mg, 0.151 mmol, 67.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.53 (3H, s), 3.85 (3H, s), 7.33 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 7.73 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.14 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.60 (1H, s), 8.81 (1H, s), 9.19 (1H, s), 9.78 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₈H₁₅N₅O₂ m/z 334.1 (M+1).

4-Methyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)thiazole-2-carboxamide 56.

Off-white solid (30.1 mg, 0.086 mmol, 38.6% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.52 (3H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 3.85 (3H, s), 7.34 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 7.76 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d, J=0.82 Hz), 7.81 (1H, s), 8.13 (1H, s), 8.16 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.58 (1H, s), 9.22 (1H, s), 10.04 (1H, br s); ESIMS found for C₁₈H₁₅N₅OS m/z 350.1 (M+1).

2-Methyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxamide 57.

Off-white solid (42.4 mg, 0.121 mmol, 54.4% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.79 (3H, s), 3.85 (3H, s), 7.34 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 7.74 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.81 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.42 (1H, s), 8.64 (1H, s), 9.19 (1H, s), 9.92 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₈H₁₅N₅OS m/z 350.1 (M+1).

5-Methyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide 58.

Off-white solid (20.2 mg, 0.060 mmol, 27.1% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.65 (3H, s), 3.86 (3H, s), 7.35 (1H, s), 7.75-7.81 (1H, m), 7.82 (1H, s), 8.13-8.23 (2H, m), 8.55 (1H, s), 9.24 (1H, s), 11.10 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₇H₁₄N₆O₂ m/z 335.1 (M+1).

5-Methyl-N-(6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide 59.

Off-white solid (10.0 mg, 0.029 mmol, 12.8% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.86 (3H, s), 3.85 (3H, s), 7.34 (1H, s), 7.78 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.81 (1H, s), 8.14 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.56 (1H, s), 9.24 (1H, s), 10.72 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₇H₁₄N₆OS m/z 351.1 (M+1).

N-(6-(1,2-Dimethyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 60.

Off-white solid (78.3 mg, 0.226 mmol, 35.9% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.40 (3H, s), 3.67 (3H, s), 3.90 (3H, s), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.62 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.94 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.18 (1H, s), 8.46 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.17 (1H, s), 10.58 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₉H₁₈N₆O m/z 347.1 (M+1).

N-(6-(1,2-Dimethyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 61.

Off=white solid (29.9 mg, 0.080 mmol, 12.7% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.46 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 2.40 (3H, s), 3.67 (3H, s), 4.55 (1H, spt, J=6.68 Hz), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.62 (1H, dd, J=8.37, 1.51 Hz), 7.94 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.16 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 9.17 (1H, s), 10.54 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₁H₂₂N₆O m/z 375.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(1,2-Dimethyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide 62.

Beige solid (72.0 mg, 0.198 mmol, 53.5% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.40 (3H, s), 2.71 (3H, s), 3.67 (3H, s), 7.14 (1H, s), 7.66 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 7.97 (1H, s), 8.14 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.57 (1H, s), 8.69 (1H, s), 9.21 (1H, s), 11.20 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₁₉H₁₇N₅OS m/z 364.1 (M+1).

N-(6-(2-Methyloxazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 63.

White solid (16.0 mg, 0.038 mmol, 85.9% yield). ¹HNMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.90-2.00 (2H, m), 2.01-2.12 (4H, m), 2.21 (3H, s), 2.54 (3H, s), 2.86 (2H, br d, J=12.08 Hz), 4.13-4.22 (1H, m), 7.81 (1H, s), 7.83 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.13 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.15 (1H, s), 8.18 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 8.62 (1H, s), 9.16 (1H, s), 10.58 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₃H₂₄N₆O₂ m/z 417.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(5-Methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 65.

Off-white solid (27.3 mg, 0.060 mmol, 59.8% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.15 (3H, s), 2.24-2.38 (4H, m), 2.85 (3H, s), 2.86-2.93 (2H, m), 3.41 (2H, br d, J=12.62 Hz), 4.50 (1H, tt, J=10.05, 5.04 Hz), 8.05-8.09 (1H, m), 8.09-8.12 (1H, m), 8.14 (1H, s), 8.34 (1H, s), 8.42 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, s), 9.10 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₃N₇OS m/z 434.1 (M+1).

1-(1-Isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-(6-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 66.

White solid (173.0 mg, 0.374 mmol, 54.4% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.99 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 1.89 (2H, qd, J=11.71, 3.57 Hz), 2.07 (2H, br d, J=12.62 Hz), 2.28 (2H, br t, J=10.84 Hz), 2.75 (1H, dt, J=13.10, 6.48 Hz), 2.83 (3H, s), 2.88 (2H, br d, J=11.53 Hz), 4.11-4.20 (1H, m), 8.11 (1H, dd, J=8.64, 1.23 Hz), 8.18 (1H, s), 8.22 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.48 (1H, s), 8.62 (1H, s), 8.72 (1H, s), 9.27 (1H, s), 10.64 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₄H₂₇N₇OS m/z 462.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(5-Methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide 67.

Off-white solid (15.0 mg, 0.033 mmol, 39.4% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.02-2.16 (6H, m), 2.23 (3H, s), 2.84 (3H, s), 2.88 (2H, br d, J=7.68 Hz), 4.55-4.63 (1H, m), 8.16 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.25 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.57 (1H, s), 8.71 (1H, s), 9.00 (1H, s), 9.29 (1H, s), 10.19 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₁H₂₂N₈OS m/z 435.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(5-Methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(piperidin-4-yl) oxazole-4-carboxamide 68.

Off-white solid (171.0 mg, 0.407 mmol, 70.6% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.61-1.73 (2H, m), 1.95-2.03 (2H, m), 2.60-2.69 (2H, m), 2.84 (3H, s), 2.99-3.08 (3H, m), 8.16 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.25 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.56 (1H, s), 8.69 (1H, s), 8.87 (1H, s), 9.28 (1H, s), 9.87 (1H, br s); ESIMS found for C₂₁H₂₀N₆O₂S m/z 421.2 (M+1).

N-(6-(5-Methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide 69.

Off-white solid (114.0 mg, 0.262 mmol, 74.0% yield). ¹H NMR (499 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.73-1.84 (2H, m), 1.98-2.08 (4H, m), 2.19 (3H, s), 2.79 (2H, br d, J=11.25 Hz), 2.84 (3H, s), 2.88 (1H, tt, J=11.18, 3.77 Hz), 8.16 (1H, dd, J=8.51, 1.65 Hz), 8.25 (1H, d, J=8.78 Hz), 8.56 (1H, s), 8.69 (1H, s), 8.87 (1H, s), 9.28 (1H, s), 9.86 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₂N₆O₂S m/z 435.2 (M+1).

1-Isopropyl-N-(6-(1-isopropyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)isoquinolin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 70.

White solid (5.6 mg, 0.014 mmol, 5.2% yield). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.44 (6H, d, J=6.59 Hz), 1.46 (6H, d, J=6.86 Hz), 4.56 (2H, dq, J=12.86, 6.60 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J=1.10 Hz), 7.57 (1H, dd, J=8.37, 1.51 Hz), 7.93 (1H, s), 8.03 (1H, s), 8.15 (1H, d, J=8.51 Hz), 8.17 (1H, s), 8.61 (1H, s), 8.62 (1H, s), 9.21 (1H, s), 10.58 (1H, s); ESIMS found for C₂₂H₂₄N₆O m/z 389.2 (M+1).

Example 4

The screening assay for Wnt activity is described as follows. Reporter cell lines can be generated by stably transducing cancer cell lines (e.g., colon cancer) or primary cells (e.g., IEC-6 intestinal cells) with a lentiviral construct that includes a Wnt-responsive promoter driving expression of the firefly luciferase gene.

SW480 colon carcinoma cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing luciferase with a human Sp5 promoter consisting of a sequence of eight TCF/LEF binding sites. SW480 cells stably expressing the Sp5-Luc reporter gene and a hygromycin resistance gene were selected by treatment with 150 μg/mL of hygromycin for 7 days. These stably transduced SW480 cells were expanded in cell culture and used for all further screening activities. Each compound was dissolved in DMSO as a 10 mM stock and used to prepare compound source plates. Serial dilution (1:3, 10-point dose-response curves starting from 10 μM) and compound transfer was performed using the ECHO 550 (Labcyte, Sunnyvale, Calif.) into 384-well white solid bottom assay plates (Greiner Bio-One) with appropriate DMSO backfill for a final DMSO concentration of 0.1%. For Sp5-Luc reporter gene assays, the cells were plated at 4,000 cells/well in 384-well plates with a DMEM medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum, and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin and incubated for 36 to 48 hours at 37° C. and 5% CO₂. Following incubation, 15 μl of BriteLite Plus luminescence reagent (Perkin Elmer) was added to each well of the 384-well assay plates. The plates were placed on an orbital shaker for 2 min and then luminescence was quantified using the Envision (Perkin Elmer) plate reader. Readings were normalized to DMSO only treated cells, and normalized activities were utilized for EC₅₀ calculations using the dose-response log (inhibitor) vs. response-variable slope (four parameters) nonlinear regression feature available in GraphPad Prism 5.0 (or Dotmatics). For EC₅₀ of >10 μM, the percent inhibition at 10 μM is provided.

Table 2 shows the measured activity for representative compounds of Formula I as described herein.

TABLE 2 Compound EC₅₀ (μM) 1 0.387 2 0.027 3 0.023 4 0.014 5 0.022 6 0.015 7 0.035 8 0.011 9 0.039 10 0.055 11 0.104 12 0.105 13 0.120 14 0.095 15 0.103 16 0.115 17 0.111 18 1.043 19 0.106 20 0.107 21 0.108 22 0.180 23 1.017 24 1.319 25 0.546 26 1.754 27 0.300 28 1.165 29 0.030 30 0.014 31 0.021 32 0.033 33 0.071 34 0.230 35 0.111 36 0.114 37 0.105 38 0.555 39 0.070 40 0.109 41 0.037 42 0.602 43 0.048 44 0.037 45 0.055 46 1.246 47 0.556 48 1.156 49 0.035 50 0.100 51 0.466 52 2.184 53 1.891 54 2.126 55 1.119 56 2.310 57 2.546 58 1.311 59 1.890 60 0.121 61 0.063 62 0.110 63 0.034 64 1.153 65 0.030 66 0.034 67 0.463 68 0.122 69 2.153 70 0.115

Example 5

Representative compounds were screened using the assay procedure for DYRK1A kinase activity as described below.

Each compound was dissolved in DMSO as a 10 mM stock and used to prepare compound source plates. Serial dilution (1:3, 11-point dose-response curves from 10 μM to 0.00016 μM) and compound transfer was performed using the ECHO 550 (Labcyte, Sunnyvale, Calif.) into 1536-well black-walled round bottom plates (Corning).

The DYRK1A kinase assay was run using the Ser/Thr 18 peptide Z-lyte assay kit according to manufacturer's instructions (Life Technologies—a Division of Thermo-Fisher). This is a non-radioactive assay using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between coumarin and fluorescein to detect kinase activity which is represented as a ratio of coumarin emission/fluorescein emission.

Briefly, recombinant DYRK1A kinase, ATP and Ser/Thr peptide 18 were prepared in 1× Kinase buffer to final concentrations of 0.19 μg/mL, 30 μM, and 4 μM respectively. The mixture was allowed to incubate with the representative compounds for one hour at room temperature. All reactions were performed in duplicate. Unphosphorylated (“0% Control”) and phosphorylated (“100% control”) forms of Ser/Thr 18 served as control reactions. Additionally, an 11-point dose-response curve of Staurosporine (1 uM top) was run to serve as a positive compound control.

After incubation, Development Reagent A was diluted in Development Buffer then added to the reaction and allowed to further incubate for one hour at room temperature. The plate was read at Ex 400 Em 455 to detect the coumarin signal and Ex 400 Em 520 to measure the signal (EnVision Multilabel Plate Reader, PerkinElmer).

The Emission ratio (Em) was calculated as a ratio of the coumarin (C) emission signal (at 445 nm)/Fluorescein (F) emission signal (at 520 nm). The percent phosphorylation was then calculated using the following formula: [1−((Em ratio×F100%)−C100%)/((C0%−C100%)+(Em ratio×(F100%−F0%)))]. Dose-response curves were generated and inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values were calculated using non-linear regression curve fit in the Dotmatics' Studies Software (Bishops Stortford, UK).

Table 3 shows the measured activity for representative compounds of Formula I as described herein.

TABLE 3 Compound EC₅₀ (μM) 1 0.039 2 0.002 3 0.003 4 0.002 5 0.002 6 0.003 7 0.003 8 0.001 9 0.002 10 0.003 11 0.007 12 0.009 13 0.005 14 0.006 15 0.008 16 0.016 17 0.016 18 0.015 19 0.012 20 0.015 21 0.016 22 0.016 23 0.018 24 0.002 25 0.039 26 0.003 27 0.014 28 0.024 29 0.003 30 0.003 31 0.003 32 0.003 33 0.007 34 0.006 35 0.010 36 0.019 37 0.024 38 0.180 39 0.026 40 0.004 41 0.002 42 0.023 43 0.002 44 0.001 45 0.001 46 0.005 47 0.003 48 0.018 49 0.002 50 0.021 51 0.004 52 0.009 53 0.014 54 0.018 55 0.007 56 0.005 57 0.006 58 0.009 59 0.004 60 0.004 61 0.005 62 0.002 63 0.002 64 0.004 65 0.006 66 0.004 67 0.031 68 0.074 69 0.527 70 0.009

Example 6

Representative compounds were screened using the assay procedure for GSK3β kinase activity as described below.

Each compound is dissolved in DMSO as a 10 mM stock and used to prepare compound source plates. Serial dilution (1:3, 11-point dose-response curves from 10 μM to 0.0003 μM) and compound transfer was performed using the ECHO 550 (Labcyte, Sunnyvale, Calif.) into 1536-well black-walled round bottom plates (Corning).

The GSK3β kinase assay is run using the Ser/Thr 09 peptide Z-lyte assay kit according to manufacturer's instructions (Life Technologies—a Division of Thermo-Fisher). This is a non-radioactive assay using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between coumarin and fluorescein to detect kinase activity which is represented as ratio of coumarin emission/fluorescein emission.

Briefly, recombinant GSK3β kinase, ATP and Ser/Thr peptide 09 are prepared in 1× Kinase buffer to final concentrations of 0.04 μg/mL, 46 μM, and 4 μM respectively. The mixture is allowed to incubate with the representative compounds for one hour at room temperature. All reactions were performed in duplicate. Unphosphorylated (“0% Control”) and phosphorylated (“100% control”) forms of Ser/Thr 18 serve as control reactions.

After incubation, diluted Development Buffer is added to the reaction and allowed to further incubate for one hour at room temperature. The plate is read at Ex 400 Em 455 to detect the coumarin signal and Ex 400 Em 520 to measure the signal (EnVision Multilabel Plate Reader, PerkinElmer).

The Emission ratio (Em) is calculated as a ratio of the coumarin (C) emission signal (at 445 nm)/Fluorescein (F) emission signal (at 520 nm). The percent phosphorylation is then calculated using the following formula: [1−((Em ratio×F100%)−C100%)/((C0%−C100%)+(Em ratio×(F100%−F0%)))].

Dose-response curves are generated and inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values are calculated using non-linear regression curve fit in the Dotmatics' Studies Software (Bishops Stortford, UK).

Table 4 shows the activity of representative compounds of Formula I as provided herein.

TABLE 4 Compound EC₅₀ (μM) 1 9.990 2 1.040 3 >10 4 1.480 5 2.063 6 1.704 7 1.495 8 0.780 9 1.656 10 4.175 11 9.990 12 3.634 13 2.082 14 2.747 15 9.515 16 0.769 17 2.934 18 1.263 19 0.979 20 3.242 21 1.326 22 2.586 23 2.179 24 1.755 25 3.058 26 2.189 27 3.605 28 >10 29 0.230 30 0.322 31 0.286 32 0.349 33 0.316 34 0.395 35 0.295 36 0.458 37 0.342 38 1.350 39 3.708 40 1.826 41 0.850 42 9.990 43 3.071 44 1.655 45 1.194 46 1.769 47 0.029 48 3.376 49 1.335 50 4.491 51 0.641 52 5.034 53 0.821 54 1.921 55 0.986 56 9.990 57 1.614 58 4.336 59 1.415 60 4.014 61 6.789 62 0.450 63 0.611 64 0.009 65 0.628 66 0.390 67 2.339 68 0.666 69 6.769 70 7.080

Example 7

Representative compounds were screened using the assay procedure for tau phosphorylation activity described below.

SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma) were cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 15% FBS, Non-essential Amino Acid and Penicillin/Streptomycin. Two days before treatment, cells were seeded onto 96 well plates at 5×10⁴ cells/well.

The above synthesized compounds were screened using the cell assay procedure to assess decrease Tau phosphorylation at Ser396 (pSer396) described below.

DMSO-resuspended compounds were dispensed to 8 wells as a serial titration from 10 μM to 4.6 nM final in medium and cells were exposed overnight (16-18 h) in a humidified incubator at 36.6c before harvest. Wells were visually checked for cell death or change in morphology and supernatants were tested for cytotoxicity by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH, CytoToxOne kit, Promega) if necessary. As controls, commercially available DYRK1A inhibitors, Harmine and Indy which were shown to have good DYRK1A inhibition in the kinase assay with no CDK1 activity (EC₅₀ 18 and 53 nM respectively, 6 μM for CDK1) but weak EC₅₀ in the Tau assay>10 μM.

Cells were lysed with RIPA buffer complemented with phosphatase and protease inhibitors then lysates were spun down at 12,000 g for 10 min to remove any cellular debris. Lysates are then either directly tested for pSer396 by ELISA (Life Technology, Kit KHB7031) or loaded on NuPage Bis-Tris gels for western blot analysis. Colorimetric detection of ELISA signal is performed by Cytation3 plate reader (Biotek) and the chemiluminescence signal for HRP-linked antibodies used in western blotting is detected using a Carestream Image Station. The same pSer396 antibody is used for detection of pTau in both assays.

Blot densitometry for pSer396 and β-actin were analyzed using ImageJ (NIH) and pSer396 Tau ELISA signal was used to plot, draw the curve fitting, and determine each compounds EC₅₀ in Prism (GraphPad).

Table 5 shows the activity of representative compounds as provided herein.

TABLE 5 Compound EC₅₀ (μM) 2 0.099 8 0.027 10 0.064 27 >10 28 2.100 62 0.193 64 0.085

Example 8

Representative compounds were screened using the assay procedure to assess the effect on cell viability as described below.

SW480 colon carcinoma cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing luciferase with a human Sp5 promoter consisting of a sequence of eight TCF/LEF binding sites. SW480 cells stably expressing the Sp5-Luc reporter gene and a hygromycin resistance gene were selected by treatment with 150 μg/mL of hygromycin for 7 days. These stably transduced SW480 cells were expanded in cell culture and used for all further screening activities. Each compound was dissolved in DMSO as a 10 mM stock and used to prepare compound source plates. Serial dilution (1:3, 8-point dose-response curves from 10 μM to 0.0045 μM) and compound transfer was performed using the ECHO 550 (Labcyte, Sunnyvale, Calif.) into 384-well white solid bottom assay plates (Greiner Bio-One) with appropriate DMSO backfill for a final DMSO concentration of 0.1%.

For the Cell Viability Assays, the cells were plated at 2,000 cells/well in 384-well plates with a DMEM medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum, and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin and incubated for four days hours at 37° C. and 5% CO₂. Eight replicates of DMSO-treated cells served as controls and cells treated with compound were performed in duplicate.

After incubation, 10 μL of CellTiter-Glo (Promega) was added to each well allowed to incubate for approximately 12 minutes. This reagent “results in cell lysis and generation of a luminescent signal proportional to the amount of ATP present. The amount of ATP is directly proportional to the number of cells present in culture, in agreement with previous reports. The CellTiter-Glo® Assay generates a “glow-type” luminescent signal, produced by the luciferase reaction (Promega.com)”.

After incubation, the plates were read at Ex 560 nm Em 590 nm (Cytation 3, BioTek). Dose-response curves were generated and EC₅₀ concentration values were calculated using non-linear regression curve fit in the GraphPad Prism (San Diego, Calif.) or Dotmatics' Studies Software (Bishops Stortford, UK). For EC₅₀ of >10 μM, the percent inhibition at 10 μM is provided.

Table 6 shows the activity of representative compounds of Formula I as provided herein.

TABLE 6 Compound EC₅₀ (μM) 1 0.608 2 0.038 3 0.038 4 0.035 5 0.034 6 0.032 7 0.077 8 0.059 9 0.104 10 0.105 11 0.273 12 0.470 13 0.485 14 0.240 15 0.146 16 0.113 17 0.128 18 3.909 19 0.300 20 0.427 21 1.259 22 0.782 23 3.730 24 1.642 25 0.876 26 3.412 27 3.651 28 0.340 29 0.060 30 0.032 31 0.039 32 0.044 33 0.257 34 0.664 35 0.306 36 0.399 37 0.179 38 1.627 39 1.192 40 0.442 41 0.102 42 0.999 43 0.083 44 0.094 45 0.111 46 2.178 47 0.607 48 3.553 49 0.073 50 0.833 51 0.844 52 3.609 53 3.197 54 3.731 55 3.067 56 3.073 57 1.807 58 2.956 59 3.320 60 0.405 61 0.111 62 0.023 63 0.058 64 0.836 65 0.048 66 0.046 67 0.899 68 0.414 69 1.291 70 0.132

Example 9

Representative compounds were screened using primary human fibroblasts (derived from IPF patients) treated with TGF-β1 to determine their ability to inhibit the fibrotic process.

Human Fibroblast Cell Culture:

Primary human fibroblasts derived from IPF patients (LL29 cells) [¹Xiaoqiu Liu, et. al., “Fibrotic Lung Fibroblasts Show Blunted Inhibition by cAMP Due to Deficient cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Phosphorylation”, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (2005), 315(2), 678-687; ²Watts, K. L., et. al., “RhoA signaling modulates cyclin D1 expression in human lung fibroblasts; implications for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis”, Respiratory Research (2006), 7(1), 88] were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and expanded in F12 medium supplemented with 15% Fetal Bovine Serum and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin.

Compound Screening:

Each compound was dissolved in DMSO as a 10 mM stock and used to prepare compound source plates. Serial dilution (1:2, 11-point dose-response curves from 10 μM to 0.94 nM) and compound transfer was performed using the ECHO 550 (Labcyte, Sunnyvale, Calif.) into 384-well clear bottom assay plates (Greiner Bio-One) with appropriate DMSO backfill for a final DMSO concentration of 0.1%. LL29 cells were plated at 1,500 cells/well in 70 μL/well F12 medium supplemented with 1% Fetal Bovine Serum. TGF-β1 (Peprotech; 20 ng/mL) was added to the plates to induce fibrosis (ref. 1 and 2 above). Wells treated with TGF-β1 and containing DMSO were used as positive control, and cells with only DMSO were negative control. Cells were incubated at 37° C. and 5% CO₂ for 4 days. Following incubation for 4 days, SYTOX green nucleic acid stain (Life Technologies [Thermo Fisher Scientific]) was added to the wells at a final concentration of 1 μM and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. Cells were then fixed using 4% formaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences), washed 3 times with PBS followed by blocking and permeabilization using 3% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA; Sigma) and 0.3% Triton X-100 (Sigma) in PBS. Cells were then stained with antibody specific to α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA; Abcam) (ref. 1 and 2 above) in 3% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA; Sigma) and 0.3% Triton X-100 (Sigma) in PBS, and incubated overnight at 4° C. Cells were then washed 3 times with PBS, followed by incubation with Alexa Flor-647 conjugated secondary antibody (Life Technologies [Thermo Fisher Scientific]) and DAPI in 3% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA; Sigma) and 0.3% Triton X-100 (Sigma) in PBS at room temperature for 1 hour. Cells were then washed 3 times with PBS and plates were sealed for imaging. αSMA staining was imaged by excitation at 630 nm and emission at 665 nm and quantified using the Compartmental Analysis program on the CellInsight CX5 (Thermo Scientific). Dead or apoptotic cells were excluded from analysis based on positive SYTOX green staining. % of total cells positive for αSMA were counted in each well and normalized to the average of 11 wells treated with TGF-β1 on the same plate using Dotmatics' Studies Software. The normalized averages (fold change over untreated) of 3 replicate wells for each compound concentration were used to create dose-responses curves and EC₅₀ values were calculated using non-linear regression curve fit in the Dotmatics' Studies Software. For EC₅₀ of >10 μM, the percent inhibition at 10 μM is provided.

Table 7 shows the activity of representative compounds of Formula I as provided herein.

TABLE 7 Compound EC₅₀ (μM) 1 0.953 2 0.093 3 0.074 4 0.094 5 0.084 6 0.069 7 0.047 8 0.072 9 >10 (33.4%) 10 0.062 11 0.607 12 0.983 13 0.260 14 0.410 15 0.279 16 0.312 17 0.173 18 0.481 19 0.170 20 2.000 21 9.618 22 2.911 23 0.325 24 2.749 25 1.190 26 4.698 27 2.525 28 0.381 29 0.135 30 0.083 31 0.298 32 0.203 33 0.562 34 0.642 35 0.635 36 0.596 37 0.248 38 >10 (3.9%)  39 3.039 40 >10 (23.2%) 41 0.122 42 2.502 43 0.151 44 0.115 45 0.088 46 1.528 47 0.094 48 >10 (6.7%)  49 0.086 50 1.183 51 >10 (6.5%)  52 >10 (33.8%) 53 2.421 54 3.209 55 3.811 56 3.192 57 2.827 58 1.281 59 1.423 60 0.770 61 0.318 62 0.644 63 0.113 64 0.187 65 0.219 66 0.169 67 4.362 68 2.583 69 >10 (43.9%) 70 0.249

Example 10

Representative compounds were screened using the following assay procedure to determine their ability to inhibit IL-6 and therefore demonstrate their anti-inflammatory properties.

Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells:

Fresh Normal PB MNC (Catalog # PB001, AllCells, Alameda, Calif.) were shipped overnight at 4° C. and resuspended in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 Medium, with GlutaMAX Supplement (Catalog #61870127, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, Mass.) supplemented with 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (Catalog#15140163, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, Mass.) and 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Catalog #16140089, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, Mass.) assay media.

Compound Screening:

Fresh normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs) were resuspended in 1% FBS-RPMI assay media with 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin 1% to a cell concentration of 1×10e6 cells/mL. Each compound was dissolved in DMSO (Catalog # D8418-100 ml, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) as a 10 mM stock and used to prepare compound source plates. Serial dilution (1:3, 10-point dose-response curves starting from 10 M) and compound transfer was performed using the ECHO 550 (Labcyte, Sunnyvale, Calif.) into 384-well white Proxiplate-Plus assay plates (Catalog #6008289, PerkinElmer, Shelton, Conn.) with appropriate DMSO backfill for a final DMSO concentration of 0.25%. huPBMCs were plated at 5000 cells/well in the 384-well Proxiplate-Plus assay plates and incubated at 37° C.-5% CO₂ for 2 hours. 50 ng/mL of Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (Catalog #L5293-2ML, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) was added after 2 hours and cells were incubated for another 22 hours at 37° C.-5% CO₂. After 22 hour incubation, a mixture of anti-IL6 XL665 and anti-IL-6 Cryptate diluted in reconstitution buffer (Catalog #62IL6PEC, Cisbio Inc., Bedford, Mass.) was added to each well. Following incubation for 3 hours at room temperature, Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) was measured using the Envision (Perkin Elmer, Shelton, Conn.) at 665 nm and 620 nM. The ratio of fluorescence at 665 nm to 620 nm was used as a readout for IL-6 quantification. All samples were processed in duplicate. Readings were normalized to DMSO treated cells and normalized activities were utilized for EC₅₀ calculations. EC₅₀ was determined using software generated by Dotmatics Limited (Windhill Bishops Stortford Herts, UK) using the Levenberg-Marquardt 4 parameter fitting procedure with finite different gradients. For EC₅₀ of >10 μM, the percent inhibition at 10 μM is provided.

Table 8 shows the activity of representative compounds of Formula I as provided herein.

TABLE 8 Compound EC₅₀ (μM) 1 3.444 2 0.114 3 1.042 4 0.089 5 0.218 6 0.129 7 0.145 8 0.504 9 1.099 10 0.277 11 2.627 12 3.750 13 3.386 14 >10 (46.0%) 15 0.754 16 1.070 17 6.203 18 >10 (9.0%)  19 0.695 20 3.687 21 >10 (27.2%) 22 >10 (27.8%) 23 >10 (5.5%)  24 3.020 25 2.581 26 >10 (40.3%) 27 >10 (34.5%) 28 9.975 29 0.366 30 0.261 31 0.688 32 0.437 33 0.852 34 1.102 35 2.111 36 2.545 37 2.655 38 >10 (5.3%)  39 7.589 40 0.751 41 0.618 42 >10 (37.1%) 43 0.251 44 0.356 45 0.414 46 >10 (46.1%) 47 0.388 48 >10 (17.8%) 49 0.285 50 3.280 51 >10 (10.9%) 52 >10 (1.1%)  53 >10 (47.5%) 54 6.513 55 9.475 56 8.919 57 >10 (19.6%) 58 >10 (9.5%)  59 >10 (0%)   60 1.580 61 0.566 62 2.759 63 0.298 64 0.427 65 0.361 66 0.893 67 >10 (8.3%)  68 2.635 69 >10 (2.3%)  70 1.598 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of Formula I:

wherein: R¹, R², R⁴, and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ haloalkyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl); R³ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁶; R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)(5-membered heteroaryl) optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁷ and 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁸; with the proviso that R⁶ is not

each R³⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁴, and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁵; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more halides or one or more unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl); alternatively, two adjacent R³⁶ taken together form a ring which is selected from the group consisting of -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R⁴⁶ and -carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁷; each R³⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R³⁹, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁰; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more halides or one or more unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl); each R³⁸ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl), —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-10 R³⁹, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴⁰; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more halides or one or more unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl); each R³⁹ is independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —C(═O)O(R⁴¹), —N(R⁴²)₂, —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is optionally substituted with one or more halides or one or more unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl); each R⁴⁰ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN; R⁴¹ is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl); each R⁴² is attached to the nitrogen and is selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₉ alkynyl), and unsubstituted —(C₁₋₉ haloalkyl); each R⁴³ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN; each R⁴⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more halides or one or more unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl); each R⁴⁵ independently is selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein each —(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, independently, optionally substituted with one or more halides or one or more unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl); each R⁴⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), —CN, and —(C₁₋₄ alkylene)_(p)carbocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-12 R⁴³; wherein-(C₁₋₄ alkylene) is, optionally substituted with one or more halides or one or more unsubstituted —(C₁₋₃ alkyl); each R⁴⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ alkyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkenyl), unsubstituted —(C₂₋₅ alkynyl), unsubstituted —(C₁₋₅ haloalkyl), and —CN; and each p is independently 0 or
 1. 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹, R², R⁴, and R⁵ are H.
 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein R³ is selected from the group consisting of pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, and oxazolyl, each optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁶.
 4. The compound of claim 3, wherein R³ is selected from the group consisting of pyrazol-4-yl, imidazol-5-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, thiadiazol-2-yl, and oxazol-5-yl, each optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁶.
 5. The compound of claim 4, wherein R³ is a pyrazol-4-yl substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).
 6. The compound of claim 4, wherein R³ is a imidazol-5-yl substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).
 7. The compound of claim 4, wherein R³ is a imidazol-5-yl substituted with two —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).
 8. The compound of claim 4, wherein R³ is a 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).
 9. The compound of claim 4, wherein R³ is an unsubstituted thiadiazol-2-yl.
 10. The compound of claim 9, wherein R³ is a thiadiazol-2-yl substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).
 11. The compound of claim 4, wherein R³ is an unsubstituted oxazol-5-yl.
 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein R³ is a oxazol-5-yl substituted with one —(C₁₋₃ alkyl).
 13. The compound of claim 4, wherein R⁶ is —(CH₂)(5-membered heteroaryl) optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁷.
 14. The compound of claim 4, wherein R⁶ is 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1-4 R³⁸.
 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 17. A method of treating a disorder or disease in a patient, wherein the disorder or disease is selected from the group consisting of: chronic inflammation, systemic inflammation, diabetes, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), degenerative disc disease, bone/osteoporotic fractures, a bone or cartilage disease, a neurological condition/disorder/disease, osteoarthritis, lung disease, a fibrotic disorder, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a pharmaceutical composition, wherein the patient is a human.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: osteoma, hemangioma, granuloma, xanthoma, osteitis deformans, meningioma, meningiosarcoma, and gliomatosis, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, glioma, ependymoma, germinoma (pinealoma), glioblastoma multiform, oligodendroglioma, oligodendrocytoma, schwannoma, retinoblastoma, and congenital tumors, neurofibroma, meningioma, glioma, and sarcoma.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the disorder or disease is a neurological condition/disorder/disease, wherein the neurological condition/disorder/disease is selected from the group consisting of: Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), down syndrome, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) including FTD with Parkinsonism-17 (FTDP-17), behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), FTD in patients with motor neuron disease (MND) (typically amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also called FTD-ALS), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) (also called corticobasal ganglionic degeneration), progressive supranuclear palsy, primary progressive aphasia (PPA), Prion Diseases, globular glial tauopathy (GGT), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) (also called Steinert disease), myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) (also called proximal myotonic myopathy), Guam complex, argyrophilic grain disease, dementia pugilistica, post-encephalitic parkinsonism, lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease, Pick's disease, and additional diseases with pronounced neurodegeneration such as autism, dementia, epilepsy, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis; diseases and disorders associated with acquired brain injury such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, tumor, stroke, frontotemporal dementias, dementia with lewy bodies, prion diseases, multiple system atrophy, inclusion body myositis, degenerative myopathies, diabetic neuropathy, other metabolic neuropathies, endocrine neuropathies, orthostatic hypotension, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the disorder or disease is a neurological condition/disorder/disease associated with tau protein, amyloid, alpha-synuclein, Tar DNA-binding Protein of 43 KDa (TDP-43), Prion protein PrP or fused in sarcoma (FUS) pathology.
 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the disorder or disease is a fibrotic disorder, wherein the fibrotic disorder is selected from the group consisting of: skin fibrosis; scleroderma; progressive systemic fibrosis; lung fibrosis; muscle fibrosis; kidney fibrosis; glomerulosclerosis; glomerulonephritis; hypertrophic scar formation; uterine fibrosis; renal fibrosis; cirrhosis of the liver, liver fibrosis; adhesions; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; fibrosis following myocardial infarction; pulmonary fibrosis; fibrosis and scarring associated with diffuse/interstitial lung disease; central nervous system fibrosis; fibrosis associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR); restenosis; endometriosis; ischemic disease, and radiation fibrosis.
 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the disorder or disease is chronic inflammation associated eye disorders, joint pain, arthritis (rheumatoid, osteo, psoriatic gout), cancers (colon, breast, lung, pancreas, and others), gastrointestinal disorders (ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases), pulmonary disorders (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and asthma), allergies, skin disorders (atopic dermatitis and psoriasis), diabetes, pancreatitis, tendonitis, hepatitis, heart disease, myocarditis, stroke, lupus, and neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's and dementia including Alzheimer's disease.
 23. A method of preventing or reducing angiogenesis in a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a pharmaceutical composition. 